A rock formation is an isolated, scenic, or spectacular surface rock outcrop. Rock formations are usually the result of weathering and erosion sculpting the existing rock. The term rock formation can also refer to specific sedimentary strata or other rock unit in stratigraphic and petrologic studies.
A rock structure can be created in any rock type or combination:
Igneous rocks are created when molten rock cools and solidifies, with or without crystallisation. They may be either plutonic bodies or volcanic extrusive. Again, erosive forces sculpt their current forms.
Metamorphic rocks are created by rocks that have been transformed into another kind of rock, usually by some combination of heat, pressure, and chemical alteration.
Sedimentary rocks are created by a variety of processes but usually involving deposition, grain by grain, layer by layer, in water or, in the case of terrestrial sediments, on land through the action of wind or sometimes moving ice. Erosion later exposes them in their current form.
Geologists have created a number of terms to describe different rock structures in the landscape that can be formed by natural processes:
Here is a list of rock formations by continent.
Asia
Armenia
China
Hong Kong
Amah Rock, New Territories
Lion Rock, New Kowloon/New Territories
Jordan
Petra, Amman
Wadi Rum Desert
India
Jabalpur Marble Rocks, Madhya Pradesh
Rock Formations in Rayalseema Andhra Pradesh, Hampi Karnataka
Yana
Israel
Rosh Hanikra
Timna Arch, Eilat
Karnei Hattin
Lebanon
Cape Lithoprosopon
Raouché, Beirut
Mongolia
Turtle Rock, Gorkhi-Terelj National Park, Töv Aimag/Nalaikh
Pakistan
Rock formations at Hingol National Park
Thailand
Lalu (ละลุ), rock formations caused by erosion at the eastern end of the Sankamphaeng Range in Sa Kaeo Province
Phae Mueang Phi ("Ghost Canyon") near Phrae in the Phi Pan Nam Range
Phu Phra Bat Buabok in Udon Thani Province
Turkey
Paşabağı, Cappadocia
Goreme National Park
Other countries
Africa
Kenya
Tsavo Rocks
Libya
Jebel Akhdar
Madagascar
Andringitra Massif
Tsingy d'Ankarana
Tsingy de Bemaraha
Tsingy de Namoroka
Tsingy Rouge
Mauritania
Ben Amera
Namibia
Bogenfels
Nigeria
Olumo Rock, Abeokuta
Riyom Rock, Jos
Zuma Rock, Abuja
South Africa
Cedarberg Wilderness Area, Western Cape
Kagga Kamma, Ceres, Western Cape
Three Sisters (Northern Cape)
North America
United States
Canada
Caribbean
Mexico
Sierra de Organos National Park, Sombrerete, Zacatecas
Piedras Encimadas Valley, Zacatlán, Puebla
Peña de Bernal, Bernal, Querétaro
Copper Canyon, Chihuahua
Los Arcos Rocks, Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur
Hierve el Agua, San Lorenzo Albarradas
Central America
Bosque del Cabo, Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica
Los Ladrillos, Boquete, Panama
South America
Argentina
Quebrada de Humahuaca, Humahuaca
Ongamira Valley, Córdoba
Ischigualasto, San Juan Province
Monte Fitz Roy, El Chalten
Bolivia
Dali's Desert, Potosi
Valle de Las Rocas, Uyuni
Canon de Duene
Brazil
Pão de Açúcar (Sugarloaf Mountain), Rio de Janeiro
Ponta Grossa, Paraná
Pedra do Jacaré (Aligator Stone), São Paulo
Dedo de Deus (God's Finger Rock), Serra dos Órgãos, Rio de Janeiro
Pedra do Cão Sentado, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro
Pedra da Galinha Choca, Quixadá, Ceará
Chile
Valle de la Luna, Antofagasta
Playa de la Calabocillos, Constitucion
Silla del Diablo
Colombia
El Peñón de Guatapé (La Piedra de Peñol), Antioquia
Laguna de La Plaza, Sierra Nevada del Cocuy
Ecuador
Cerro de Arcos, Loja
Pinnacle Rock, Bartolome Island, Galápagos Islands
Falkland Islands
Princes Street Stone Run
Paraguay
Amambay
Peru
Colca Canyon, Arequipa
Uruguay
La Piedra Pintada, Parque Congreso de Abril
Venezuela
Tepui, Roraima, Canaima National Park
Piedras de San Martin, La Vela de Coro, Estado Falcón
Europe
Albania
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Hajdučka vrata, Čvrsnica mountain
Bulgaria
Basarbovo Monastery, Rousse
Belogradchik Rocks
Iskar Gorge, Sofia
Melnik Earth Pyramids, Melnik
Sozopol
Wonderful Bridges
Golden Bridges ('Zlatnite Mostove'), Vitosha
Golyamata Gramada ('Big Pile'), Vitosha
Pobiti Kamani
Croatia
Paklenica
Bijele stijene (White Rocks) and Samarske stijene (Samar Rocks), Velika Kapela mountain