This is a list including all rulers who had carried the title of emperor or who ruled over an empire through history.
Emperors of traditional empires
Asia
Europe
Americas
Africa
Emperors of short-lived monarchies
- Emperor Jacques of the Empire of Haiti (1804–1806)
- Emperor Augustine of the First Mexican Empire (1822–1823)
- Emperor Faustin of the Empire of Haiti (1849–1859)
- Emperor Maximilian of the Second Mexican Empire (1864–1867)
- Emperor Sunjong and Gojong of the Korean Empire (1897–1910)
- The Hongxian Emperor of the Empire of China (1915–1916)
- The Datong Emperor of the Empire of Manchuria (1934–1945)
- Emperor Bảo Đại of the Empire of Vietnam (1945)
- Emperor Bokassa of the Central African Empire (1976–1979)
Self-proclaimed "emperors"
- See also Self-proclaimed monarchy and micronation
- Simeon Uroš, "Emperor of Serbs and Greeks" (held by Uroš V), in reality Despot of Epirus and Thessaly (1359–1369)
- John Uroš, "Emperor of Serbs and Greeks", in reality Despot of Thessaly (1369–1373)
- Jovan Nenad, "Emperor of Serbs" (1526–1527)
- Andrés Novales, “Emperor of the Philippines” (1823)
- Joshua Abraham Norton, “Emperor of the United States of America” (1859-1880)
Fictional emperors
- Category: Fictional emperors and empresses
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