Peerage of the United Kingdom

The Peerage of the United Kingdom is one of the five Peerages in the United Kingdom. It comprises most peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Acts of Union in 1801, when it replaced the Peerage of Great Britain. New peers continued to be created in the Peerage of Ireland until 1898 (the last creation was the Barony of Curzon of Kedleston)

The House of Lords Act 1999 reformed the House of Lords. Until then, all peers of the United Kingdom were automatically members of the House of Lords. However, from that date, most of the hereditary peers ceased to be members, whereas the life peers retained their seats. All hereditary peers of the first creation (i.e. those for whom a peerage was originally created, as opposed to those who inherited a peerage), and all surviving hereditary peers who had served as Leader of the House of Lords, were offered a life peerage to allow them to continue to sit in the House, should they wish.

Peers in the Peerage of Scotland and Peerage of Ireland did not have an automatic seat in the House of Lords following the Acts of Union of 1707 and 1800, though the law permitted a limited number to be elected by their fellows to serve in the House of Lords as representative peers. Some peerages of the United Kingdom were created to get around this obstacle and allow certain Scottish and Irish peers to enjoy the automatic right to sit in the House of Lords

Key

Ranks

The ranks of the peerage are Duke, Marquess, Earl, Viscount, and Baron

The last non-royal dukedom was created in 1874, and the last marquessate was created in 1936. Creation of the remaining ranks, except baronies for life, mostly ceased once Harold Wilson's Labour government took office in 1964, and only fourteen (nine non-royal and five royal) people have been created hereditary peers since then. These were:

Dukes in the Peerage of the United Kingdom

•   Subsidiary title.

Marquesses in the Peerage of the United Kingdom

•   Subsidiary title.

Earls in the Peerage of the United Kingdom

•   Subsidiary title.

Viscounts in the Peerage of the United Kingdom

•   Subsidiary title.

Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom

•   Subsidiary title.

Extinct peerages since the Passage of the House of Lords Act 1999

Extinct dukedoms

Extinct earldoms

Extinct viscountcies

Extinct baronies

Current titles without heirs

Current UK Peers

Current Scottish and Irish peers with British titles

Peerages in remainder to other Peerages

•   Subsidiary title.

Titles

Marquesses, earls, viscounts and barons are all addressed as 'Lord X', where 'X' represents either their territory or surname pertaining to their title. Marchionesses, countesses, viscountesses and baronesses are all addressed as 'Lady X'. Dukes and duchesses are addressed just as 'Duke' or 'Duchess' or, in a non-social context, 'Your Grace'

Lists of peers

• 30 Dukes: see List of dukes in the peerages of Britain and Ireland
• 34 Marquesses: see List of marquesses in the peerages of Britain and Ireland
• 189 Earls and countesses: see List of earls in the peerages of Britain and Ireland
• 110 Viscounts: see List of viscounts in the peerages of Britain and Ireland
• 443 Hereditary Barons: see List of barons in the peerages of Britain and Ireland
• Women: see List of peerages created for women and List of peerages inherited by women

See also

• British nobility
• Dukes in the United Kingdom
• History of the British peerage
• Marquesses in the United Kingdom
• Peerage of England
• Peerage of Great Britain
• Peerage of Ireland
• Peerage of Scotland
• Peerages in the United Kingdom

Notes

References

Citations

Sources

1. Peerages in the United Kingdom
2. List of dukes in the peerages of Britain and Ireland
3. List of viscounts in the peerages of Britain and Ireland
4. List of earls in the peerages of Britain and Ireland
5. List of marquesses in the peerages of Britain and Ireland
6. Peerage
7. List of hereditary baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
8. Life peer
9. Peerage of England
10. List of dukedoms in the peerages of Britain and Ireland
11. Dukes in the United Kingdom
12. List of earldoms
13. Peerage of Ireland
14. Peerage of Great Britain
15. Marquesses in the United Kingdom
16. Duchess of Argyll
17. Hereditary peer
18. The Complete Peerage
19. Peerage Act 1963
20. List of barons in the peerages of Britain and Ireland