List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals

This is a list of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals.

Plants

Psychoactive plants include, but are not limited to, the following examples:

• Cannabis: cannabinoids
• Tobacco: nicotine and beta-carboline alkaloids
• Coca: cocaine
• Opium Poppy: morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine, noscapine, and narceine
• Salvia divinorum: salvinorin A
• Khat: cathine and cathinone
• Kava: kavalactones
• Nutmeg: myristicin

• Nightshade (Solanaceae) plants containing hyoscyamine, atropine, and scopolamine:
  • Datura
  • Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna)
  • Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger)
  • Mandrake (Mandragora officinarum)
  • Other Solanaceae

• Psychoactive cacti, which contain mainly mescaline:
  • Peyote
  • Other Lophophora
  • Peruvian Torch cactus
  • San Pedro cactus
    • Trichocereus macrogonus var. macrogonus (syn. Echinopsis peruviana)
    • Trichocereus macrogonus var. pachanoi (syn. Echinopsis pachanoi)
  • Other Echinopsis

• Mild stimulant and vasoconstrictor plants that contain mainly caffeine and theobromine:
  • Coffee
  • Tea (also contains theanine)
  • Guarana
  • Yerba Mate
  • Cocoa
  • Kola

• Other plants:
  • Mimosa hostilis: DMT
  • Chacruna: DMT, NMT
  • Cebil and Yopo: DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenin
  • Mucuna pruriens
  • Morning glory species, notably Hawaiian Baby Woodrose: lysergic acid amide
  • Monotropa uniflora: Grayanotoxin (also found in Rhododendron pollen and mad honey)
  • Iboga: ibogaine, noribogaine, ibogamine, voacangine, 18-methoxycoronaridine
  • Ephedra: ephedrine
  • Acacia species
  • Damiana
  • Calea zacatechichi
  • Silene capensis
  • Valerian
  • Areca nut: arecaidine and arecoline
  • Kratom: mitragynine, mitraphylline, 7-hydroxymitragynine, raubasine, and corynantheidine
  • Rauvolfia serpentina: rauwolscine
  • Rauvolfia vomitoria
  • Nymphaea caerulea (Egyptian lotus or blue lotus): apomorphine, nuciferine
  • Yohimbe: yohimbine
  • Kanna: mesembrine and mesembrenone
  • Glaucium flavum (yellow horned poppy, yellow hornpoppy or sea poppy): glaucine
  • California poppies: Protopine and Californidine

Fungi

• Psilocybin mushrooms: psilocybin, psilocin, aeruginascin, baeocystin, and norbaeocystin
• Amanita muscaria: ibotenic acid, muscimol, and muscarine
• Amanita pantherina
• Dictyonema huaorani: psilocybin, DMT, and 5-MeO-DMT
• Collybia maculata: collybolide

Animals

• Colorado River toad (Sonoran Desert toad or Bufo alvarius): 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin
• Asiatic toad and certain tree frogs (Osteocephalus taurinus, Osteocephalus oophagus, and Osteocephalus langsdorfii): bufotenin

• Tree frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa, notably P. bicolor: opioid peptides, including deltorphin, deltorphin I, deltorphin II, and dermorphin
• Hallucinogenic fish
• Ocean life containing DMT analogs:
  • Smenospongia aurea: 5-Bromo-DMT
  • Smenospongia echina: 5,6-Dibromo-DMT
  • Verongula rigida: 5-Bromo-DMT, 5,6-Dibromo-DMT, et al.
  • Eudistoma fragum: 5-Bromo-DMT
  • Paramuricea clavata: DMT, NMT
  • Villogorgia rubra: NMT

See also

• List of psychoactive substances and precursor chemicals derived from genetically modified organisms
• List of psychoactive substances derived from artificial fungi biotransformation
• List of substances used in rituals
• Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record
• List of plants used for smoking
• Medicinal fungi

References