List of state leaders in the 19th century (1801–1850)
This is a list of state leaders in the 19th century (1801–1850) AD, except for the leaders within British south Asia and its predecessor states, and those leaders within the Holy Roman Empire.
These polities are generally sovereign states, but excludes minor dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 19th century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.
Leaders of constituent states within the Holy Roman Empire, are excluded up to the time of German mediatisation (1801–1806), and found on this list of leaders in the 19th-century Holy Roman Empire.
Africa
Africa: Central
Angola
Kasanje Kingdom (complete list) –
Malenge a Ngonga, King (1792–c.1810)
Kitumba kya Ngonga, King (c.1810–1820)
Kansanje kya Kambolo, King (c.1820s)
Kihengo kya Kambolo, King (early 1830s)
Kamasa ka Kiwende, King (mid 1830s)
Mbumba a Kinguri, King (c.1840–1850)
Kalunga ka Kisanga, King (1850)
Kingdom of Kongo (complete list) –
Henrique II, King (1794–1803)
Garcia V, King (1803–1830)
André II, King (1830–1842)
Henrique III, King (1842–1857)
Kingdom of Matamba (complete list) –
unknown son of Ana III, King (1810–?)
Portuguese Angola, (complete list) –
Colony, 1575–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe
Cameroon
Fondom of Bafut (complete list) –
Achirimbi I, King (1799–1852)
Kingdom of Bamum (complete list) –
Mbouombouo, Mfon (1757–1814)
Ngbetnkom, Mfon (1814–1817)
Mbeikuo, Mfon (1817–1818)
Ngouhouo, Mfon (1818–1865)
Duala people (complete list) –
Kwa a Kuo, ruler (18th–early 19th century)
Bele a Doo, King (early 19th century)
Ewonde a Kwane, Chief (early 19th century)
Ngando a Kwa, King (c.1814–1846)
Doo a Priso, Chief (19th century)
Mbape a Bele, Chief (19th century)
Kamerun (complete list) –
German colony, 1884–1916
For details see the German Empire under central Europe
Central African Republic
Chad
Sultanate of Bagirmi (complete list) –
‘Abd ar-Rahman Gawrang, Mbangi (1785–1806)
Malam Ngarmaba Bira, Mbangi (1806)
‘Uthman Burkomanda III al-Kabir, Mbangi (1806–1807)
Malam Ngarmaba Bira, Mbangi (1807)
‘Uthman Burkomanda III al-Kabir, Mbangi (1807)
Muhammad III, Mbangi (1807)
‘Uthman Burkomanda III al-Kabir, Mbangi (1807–1846)
‘Abdul Qadir II al-Mahdi, Mbangi (1846–1858)
Wadai Empire (complete list) –
Muhammad Salih Derret ibn Jawda, Kolak (1795–1803)
Abd al-Karim Sabun, Kolak (1803–1813)
Muhammad Busata ibn ‘Abd al-Karim, Kolak (1813–1813)
Yusuf Kharifayn ibn ‘Abd al-Qadir, Kolak (1813–1829)
Raqib ibn Yusuf ‘Abd al-Qadir, Kolak (1829–1829)
Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Aziz Dhawiyi ibn Radama (1829–1835)
Adham ibn Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Aziz, Kolak (1835–1835)
‘Izz ad-Din Muhammad al-Sharif ibn Salih Derret, Kolak (1835–1858)
Congo: Belgian; today, the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Kuba Kingdom (complete list) –
Kata Mbula, Nyim (1776–1810)
Mikope Mbula, Nyim (1810–1840)
Bope Mobinji, Nyim (1840–1885)
Kingdom of Luba (complete list) –
Ilunga Sungu, muLopwe (1780–1809)
Kasongo Mukaya, muLopwe in rebellion (c.1800–?)
Kumwimba Ngombe, muLopwe (1809–1837)
Ndaye Muzinga, usurper muLopwe (1837–1837)
Ilunga Kabale, muLopwe (1837–1864)
Lunda Empire (complete list) –
Nawej II Ditend, Mwaant Yaav (c.1800–1852)
Congo: French; today, the Republic of the Congo
Kingdom of Loango (complete list) –
N'Gangue M'voumbe Makosso Ma Nombo, King (early 19th century)
N'Gangue M'voumbe Makosso Ma N'Sangou, King (1840-c.1883)
Equatorial Guinea
Spanish Guinea (complete list) –
Colony, 1778–1968
For details see Spain in southwest Europe
Gabon
Kingdom of Orungu (complete list) –
Rénwombi "Mpolo", Agamwinboni (1790–1810)
Ogul'Issogwe Rogombe, Agamwinboni (1810–1840)
Ombango Rogombe "Ikinda" / King Pascal, Agamwinboni (1840–1862)
São Tomé and Príncipe
Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe (complete list) –
Colony, 1470–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe
Africa: East
Great Lakes area
Burundi
Kingdom of Burundi (complete list) –
Ntare IV, King (c.1796–c.1850)
Mwezi IV, King (c.1850–1908)
Kenya
Sultanate of Mombasa (complete list) –
Independence disputed with Oman
Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1782–1811)
‘Abd Allah ibn Ahmad al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1811–1823)
Omani Suzerainty
Sulayman ibn ‘Ali al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1823–1826)
Pate Sultanate (complete list) –
Nabahani dynasty
Fumo Madi ibn Abi Bakr, Mfalume (1779–1809)
Ahmad ibn Shaykh, Mfalume (1809–1813)
Fumo Luti Kipunga ibn Fumo Madi, Mfalume (1813–1818)
Fumo Luti ibn Ahmad, Mfalume (1818–?)
Bwana Shaykh ibn Fumo Madi, Mfalume (?–1823, ?)
Bwana Waziri ibn Bwana Tamu, Mfalume (1823–?, ?–1830)
Fumo Bakari ibn Shaykh, Mfalume (1830–1840)
Ahmad ibn Fumo Bakari, Mfalume (1840–1856)
Rwanda
Kingdom of Rwanda (complete list) –
Yuhi IV Gahindiro, King (1746–1802)
Mutara II Rwogera, King (1802–1853)
South Sudan
Shilluk Kingdom
Nyokwejø, Rädh (c.1780–1820)
Tanzania
Kingdom of Unyanyembe –
Ifundikila, King (1840–1858)
Uganda
Ankole (complete list) –
Rwebishengye, Omugabe (?–1811)
Kayungu, Omugabe (1811–?)
Gasyonga I, Omugabe (?–1839)
Mutambuka, Omugabe (1839–1873)
Buganda (complete list) –
Semakookiro, Kabaka (c.1797-c.1814)
Kamaanya, Kabaka (1814–1832)
Suuna II, Kabaka (1832–1856)
Bunyoro (complete list) –
Nyamutukura Kyebambe III, Omukama (1786–1835)
Nyabongo II, Omukama (1835–1848)
Olimi V, Omukama (1848–1852)
Horn of Africa area
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Ethiopian Empire (complete list) –
Demetros, Emperor (1800–1801)
Egwale Seyon, Emperor (1801–1818)
Iyoas II, Emperor (1818–1821)
Gigar, Emperor (1821–1826)
Baeda Maryam III, Emperor (1826)
Gigar, Emperor (1826–1830)
Iyasu IV, Emperor (1830–1832)
Gebre Krestos, Emperor (1832)
Sahle Dengel, Emperor (1832)
Gebre Krestos, Emperor (1832)
Sahle Dengel, Emperor (1832–1840)
Yohannes III, Emperor (1840–1841)
Sahle Dengel, Emperor (1841–1845)
Yohannes III, Emperor (1845)
Sahle Dengel, Emperor (1845–1850)
Yohannes III, Emperor (1850–1851)
Sultanate of Aussa (complete list) –
Aydahis ibn Kadhafo Mahammad, Sultan (1779–1801)
Aydahis ibn Mahammad ibn Aydahis, Amoyta (1801–1832)
Hanfere ibn Aydahis, Amoyta (1832–1862)
Kingdom of Garo (complete list) –
Dukamo, Tato (1790–1845)
Ogata, Tato (1845–1865)
Kingdom of Gera (complete list) –
Tulu Ganje, Moti (?–c.1840)
Abba Baso, Moti (c.1840)
Abba Rago I, Moti (c.1845–c.1860)
Kingdom of Gomma (complete list) –
Mijyu, Moti (?–c.1820)
Abba Manno, Moti (c.1820–c.1840)
Abba Bagibo, Moti (early 19th century)
Abba Rebo, Moti (?–1856)
Kingdom of Gumma (complete list) –
Adam, Moti, Founder (late 18th century)
Oncho, Moti (c.1810)
Jawe, Moti (c.1840–1854)
Emirate of Harar (complete list) –
Ahmad II ibn Muhammad, Emīr (1794–1821)
`Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad, Emīr (1821–1825)
`Abd al-Karim ibn Muhammad, Emīr (1825–1834)
Abu Bakr II ibn `Abd al-Munan, Emīr (1834–1852)
Kingdom of Jimma (complete list) –
Abba Magal, Moti (c.1800)
Abba Rago, Moti (early 19th century)
Abba Jifar I, Moti (c.1830–c.1855)
Kingdom of Kaffa (complete list) –
Hoti Gaocho or Beshi Sheroch, King (1798–1821)
Gaha Nechocho or Gali Sheroch, King (1821–1845)
Gawi Nechocho or Haji Ginoch, King (1845–1854)
Leqa Neqemte (complete list) –
Bekere Godana, Moti (1841–1868)
Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea (complete list) –
Bofo, Abba Gomoli I, Supera (1800–1825)
Ibsa, Abba Bagibo, Supera (1825–1861)
Welayta: Tigre dynasty (complete list) –
Amado, Kawa (1800–1835)
Damota, Kawa (1835–1845)
Gobe, Kawa (1845–1886)
Somalia (including Somaliland)
Sultanate of the Geledi (complete list) –
Mahamud Ibrahim, Sultan (mid-18th century–1828)
Yusuf Mahamud Ibrahim, Sultan (1828–1848
Ahmed Yusuf, Sultan (1848–1878)
Majeerteen Sultanate (complete list) –
Suldaan Maxamuud "Xawaadane" Suldaan Yuusuf Suldaan Cali, King (?–1815)
Suldaan Cismaan "Bah-Dir" Suldaan Maxamuud Suldaan Yuusuf, King (1815–1842)
Suldaan Yuusuf "Bah-Yaaquub" Suldaan Maxamuud Suldaan Yuusuf, King (1842–1844)
Suldaan Maxamuud Suldaan Cismaan Suldaan Maxamuud, King (1844–1860)
Isaaq Sultanate (complete list) –
Guled Abdi, Sultan (~1750s-1808)
Farah Guled, Sultan (1808-1845)
Hassan Farah, Sultan (1845-1870)
British Somaliland (complete list) –
Protectorate, 1884–1940, 1941–1960
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Muhammadu Dan Ayi dan Ahmadu Jerabana Albishir, Emir (1799–1829)
Ibrahimu dan Muhammadu Dan Ayi, Emir (1829–1835)
Jibrilu Gajeren Sarki dan Muhammadu Dan Ayi, Emir (1835–1844)
Abu Bakr Jatau dan Mustafa Gazari, Emir (1844–1848)
Jibrilu Gajeren Sarki dan Muhammadu Dan Ayi, Emir (1848–1849)
Ya`quba dan Jibrilu Gajeren Sarki, Emir (1849–1850)
Sulaymanu Dan Addo dan Ibrahimu, Emir (1850–1871)
Lagos Colony (complete list) –
British colony, 1821–1957
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Senegal
Cayor (complete list) –
Amari Ngone Ndèla Kumba Fal, Damel (1790–1809)
Biram Fatma Cub Fal, Damel (1809–1832)
Maysa Tènde Jor Samba Fal, Damel (1832–1855)
Imamate of Futa Toro (complete list) –
Abdelkedir, Almaami (1776–1804)
unknown Almaami (1804–1859)
Kingdom of Jolof (complete list) –
Mba Buri-Nyabu, Buur-ba (1800–1818)
Birayamb Kumba-Gey, Buur-ba (1818–1838)
al-Buri Tam, Buur-ba (1838–1845)
Baka Kodu, Buur-ba (1845–1847)
Birayamb Aram, Buur-ba (1847–1849)
Birayma-Penda, Buur-ba (1849)
Mbanyi-Paate, Buur-ba (1849)
Lat-Koddu, Buur-ba (1849)
Birayamb Ma-Dyigen, Buur-ba (1850–1855)
Saloum (complete list) –
Balleh N'Gougou N'Dao (or Ballé Khordia Ndao), Maad Saloum (1825–1853)
Kingdom of Sine (complete list) –
Gejopal Mane Niane Joof, Maad a Sinig (?–1825)
Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof, Maad a Sinig (1825–1853)
Waalo (complete list) –
Njak Kumba Xuri Yay Mboj, King (1795–1805)
Saayodo Yaasin Mboj, King (1805–1810)
Kuli Mbaaba Mboj, King (1810–1816)
Amar Faatim Mborso Mboj, King (1816–1825)
Yerim Mbañik Teg-Rella Mboj, King (1825–1827)
Fara Penda Adam Sal Mboj, King (1827–1830)
Xerfi Xari Daaro, King (1830–1832)
Fara Penda Adam Sal Mboj, King (1832–1833)
Xerfi Xari Daaro, King (1833–1835)
Fara Penda Adam Sal Mboj, King (1835–1840)
Mö Mboj Maalik Mboj, King (1840–1855)
Sierra Leone
Kingdom of Koya (complete list) –
Farima IV, Bai (1793–1807)
Foki, Bai (1807–1817)
Moriba Kindo Bangura, Bai (1817–1825)
Kunia Banna, Bai (1825–1826)
Fatima Brima Kama, Bai-Queen (1826–1840)
Moribu Kindo, Bai (1840–1859)
Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate, British colony (complete list) –
British colony and protectorate, 1808–1961
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Togo
Americas
Americas: Caribbean
Antigua
Colonial Antigua (complete list) –
British colony, 1632–1981
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
The Bahamas
Colony of the Bahamas (complete list) –
British colony, 1648–1973
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Barbados
Colonial Barbados (complete list) –
British colony, 1625–1966
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Cuba
Captaincy General of Cuba (complete list) –
Spanish Colony, 1607–1898
For details see Spain in southwest Europe
Dominica
British Dominica (complete list) –
British Colony, 1763–1978
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Colonial Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (complete list) –
British Colony, 1763–1979
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Dominican Republic
First Dominican Republic (complete list) –
Tomás Bobadilla, Manuel Jimenes, Carlos Moreno, Mariano Echavarria, Jose Maria Caminero, Francisco del Rosario Sanchez, Matias Ramon Mella, Manuel Maria Valverde, Francisco Xavier Abreu, Felix Mercenario, Silvano Pujol, Juan Pablo Duarte, Central Government Board (1844)
Pedro Santana, President (1844–1848)
Félix Mercenario, Domingo de la Rocha, José María Caminero, Manuel Jimenes, Council of Secretaries of State (1848)
Manuel Jimenes, President (1848–1849)
Buenaventura Báez, President (1849–1853)
Haiti
Saint-Domingue (complete list) –
French Colony, 1625–1804
For details see France in western Europe
First Empire of Haiti (complete list) –
Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Emperor (1804–1806)
State of Haiti (complete list) –
Henri Christophe, President (1806–1811), King (1811–1820)
Kingdom of Haiti (complete list) –
Henri Christophe, President (1806–1811), King (1811–1820)
Republic of Haiti (1806–1820) (complete list) –
Bruno Blanchet, Acting President (1807)
Alexandre Pétion, President (1807–1818)
Jean-Pierre Boyer, President (1818–1843)
Republic of Haiti (1820–1849) (complete list) –
Jean-Pierre Boyer, President (1818–1843)
Charles Rivière-Hérard, President (1843–1844)
Philippe Guerrier, President (1844–1845)
Jean-Louis Pierrot, President (1845–1846)
Jean-Baptiste Riché, President (1846–1847)
Faustin Soulouque, President (1847–1849), Emperor (1849–1859)
Netherlands
Curaçao and Dependencies (complete list) –
Dutch colony 1634–1828, 1845–1954
For details see the Netherlands under western Europe
Saint Lucia
French Saint Lucia (complete list) –
French colony, 1762–1802
For details see France in western Europe
Colonial Saint Lucia (complete list) –
British colony, 1802–1979
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Trinidad and Tobago
Colonial Trinidad and Tobago (complete list) –
British colony, 1797–1962
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Americas: Central
Belize
Black River Settlements (complete list) –
British colony, 1749–1862
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Costa Rica
Free State of Costa Rica (complete list) –
Juan Mora Fernández, Head of State (1825–1833)
José Rafael Gallegos, Head of State (1833–1835)
Braulio Carrillo Colina, Head of State (1835–1837)
Juan Mora Fernández, Head of State (1837)
Manuel Aguilar Chacón, Head of State (1837–1838)
Braulio Carrillo Colina, Head of State (1838–1842)
Francisco Morazán, Head of State (1842)
António Pinto Soares, Head of State (1842)
José María Alfaro Zamora, Head of State (1842–1844)
Francisco María Oreamuno Bonilla, Head of State (1844)
José Rafael Gallegos, Head of State (1845–1846)
José María Alfaro Zamora, Head of State (1846–1847)
José Castro Madriz, Head of State (1847–1848), President (1848–1849)
First Costa Rican Republic (complete list) –
José Castro Madriz, Head of State (1847–1848), President (1848–1849)
Miguel Mora Porras, President (1849)
Juan Mora Porras, President (1849–1859)
El Salvador
El Salvador (complete list) –
Juan Lindo, Provisional President (1841–1842)
José Escolástico Marín, Acting President (1842)
Juan José Guzmán, President (1842–1844)
Fermín Palacios, Acting President (1844)
Francisco Malespín, President (1844–1845)
Joaquín Eufrasio Guzmán, President (1845–1846)
Fermín Palacios, Acting President (1846)
Eugenio Aguilar, President (1846–1848)
Tomás Medina, Acting President (1848)
José Félix Quirós, Acting President (1848)
Doroteo Vasconcelos, President (1848–1850)
Ramón Rodríguez, Acting President (1850)
Doroteo Vasconcelos, President (1850–1851)
Guatemala
Captaincy General of Guatemala (complete list) –
Spanish Colony, 1609–1821
For details see Spain in southwest Europe
Federal Republic of Central America (complete list) –
Gabino Gaínza, Chief Political Officer (1821–1822)
Vicente Filisola, Chief Political Officer (1823)
Pedro Molina Mazariegos, Antonio Rivera Cabezas, Juan Vicente Villacorta Díaz, First Triumvirate (1823)
José Santiago Milla Pineda Arriaga, Triumvir (1823–1824)
Juan Vicente Villacorta Díaz, Triumvir (1823–1824)
Tomas O'Horan, Triumvir (1823–1825)
José Cecilio del Valle, Triumvir (1824–1825)
Manuel José Arce, Triumvir (1824)
José Manuel de la Cerda y Aguilar, Triumvir (1824–1825)
Manuel José Arce, President (1825–1829)
Mariano Beltranena y Llano, Interim President (1829)
José Francisco Barrundia, Interim President (1829–1830)
Francisco Morazán, President (1830–1834, 1835–1839)
José Gregorio Salazar, Interim President (1834–1835)
Diego Vigil Cocaña, Interim President (1839–1840)
Los Altos (es:complete list) –
Marcelo Molina, President (1838–1840)
Fernando Antonio Davila, President (1848)
José Velazco, President (1848)
Rafael de la Torre, President (1848)
Agustín Guzmán, President (1848)
Fernando Antonio Martínez, President (1848)
Republic of Guatemala (complete list) –
Mariano Rivera Paz, Head of State (1839–1842)
José Venancio López Requena, Acting Head of State (1842)
Mariano Rivera Paz, Head of State (1842–1844)
Rafael Carrera, Head of State (1844–1847)
Rafael Carrera, President (1847–1848)
Juan Antonio Martínez, Acting President (1848)
José Bernardo Escobar, Acting President (1848–1849)
Mariano Peredes, Acting President (1849–1851)
Honduras
Honduras (complete list) –
Juan Francisco de Molina, President (1839)
Felipe Neri Medina, Acting President (1839)
Juan José Alvarado, Acting President (1839)
José María Guerrero, Acting President (1839)
Mariano Garrigó, Acting President (1839)
José María Bustillo, Acting President (1839)
Council of Ministers, (1839)
Francisco Zelaya y Ayes, Acting President (1839–1841)
Francisco Ferrera, President (1841–1842)
Council of Ministers, (1843)
Francisco Ferrera, President (1843–1844)
Council of Ministers, (1845)
Coronado Chávez, President (1845–1847)
Council of Ministers, (1847)
Juan Lindo, President (1847–1852)
Nicaragua
Miskito Coast (complete list) –
George II Frederic, King (1776–1801)
George Frederic Augustus I, King (1801–1824)
Robert Charles Frederic, King (1824–1842)
George Augustus Frederic II, King (1842–1865)
Nicaragua (complete list) –
José Núñez, Supreme Director (1838–1839)
Evaristo Rocha, Acting Supreme Director (1839)
Patricio Rivas, Acting Supreme Director (1839)
Joaquín del Cossío, Acting Supreme Director (1839)
Hilario Ulloa, Acting Supreme Director (1839)
Tomás Valladares, Acting Supreme Director (1839–1840)
Patricio Rivas, Acting Supreme Director (1840–1841)
Pablo Buitrago, Supreme Director (1841–1843)
Juan de Dios Orozco, Acting Supreme Director (1843)
Manuel Pérez, Supreme Director (1843–1844)
Emiliano Madriz, Acting Supreme Director (1844–1845)
Silvestre Selva, Acting Supreme Director, in dissidence (1844–1845)
Manuel Antonio Blas Sáenz, Acting Supreme Director, in dissidence (1845)
José León Sandoval, Supreme Director (1845–1847)
Miguel Ramón Morales, Acting Supreme Director (1847)
José María Guerrero de Arcos y Molina, Supreme Director (1847–1849)
Toribio Terán, Acting Supreme Director (1849)
Benito Rosales, Acting Supreme Director (1849)
Norberto Ramírez Áreas, Supreme Director (1849–1851)
Americas: North
Canada
Newfoundland Colony (complete list) –
British colony, 1610–1907
Upper Canada (complete list) –
British colony, 1791–1841
Lower Canada (complete list) –
British colony, 1791–1841
Province of Canada (complete list) –
British colony, 1841–1867
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Mexico
Viceroyalty of New Spain (complete list) –
Spanish Colony, 1521–1821
For details see Spain in southwest Europe
First Mexican Empire (complete list) –
First Regency: Agustín de Iturbide, Juan O'Donojú, Antonio Pérez Martínez, Manuel de la Barcéna, José Isidro Yañez, Manuel Velázquez de León (1821–1822)
Second Regency: Agustín de Iturbide, José Isidro Yañez, Miguel Valentín, Manuel de Heras, Nicolás Bravo (1822)
Agustín I, Emperor (1822–1823)
Provisional Government of Mexico (1823–24) (complete list) –
Nicolás Bravo, Guadalupe Victoria, Pedro Celestino Negrete, Mariano Michelena, Miguel Domínguez, Vicente Guerrero, Members (1823–1824)
First Mexican Republic (complete list) –
Guadalupe Victoria, President (1824–1829)
Vicente Guerrero, President (1829)
José María Bocanegra, President (1829)
Pedro Vélez, President (1829)
Anastasio Bustamante, President (1830–1832)
Melchor Múzquiz, President (1832)
Manuel Gómez Pedraza, President (1832–1833)
Valentín Gómez Farías, President (1833)
Santa Anna, President (1833)
Valentín Gómez Farías, President (1833)
Santa Anna, President (1833)
Valentín Gómez Farías, President (1833)
Santa Anna, President (1833)
Valentín Gómez Farías, President (1833–1834)
Santa Anna, President (1834–1835)
Miguel Barragán, President (1835)
Centralist Republic of Mexico (complete list) –
Miguel Barragán, President (1835–1836)
José Justo Corro, President (1836–1837)
Anastasio Bustamante, President (1837–1839)
Santa Anna, Interim President (1839)
Nicolás Bravo, President (1839)
Anastasio Bustamante, President (1839–1841)
Francisco Javier Echeverría, President (1841)
Santa Anna, Provisional President (1841–1842)
Nicolás Bravo, President (1842–1843)
Santa Anna, Provisional President (1843)
Valentín Canalizo, President (1843–1844)
Santa Anna, Provisional President (1844)
José Joaquín de Herrera, President (1844)
Valentín Canalizo, President (1844)
José Joaquín de Herrera, President (1844–1845)
Mariano Paredes, President (1845)
Nicolás Bravo, President (1846)
José Mariano Salas, President (1846)
Republic of Yucatán (complete list) –
Santiago Méndez, President (1840–1841)
Miguel Barbachano, President (1841–1842)
Santiago Méndez, President (1842)
Miguel Barbachano, President (1842–1843)
Santiago Méndez, President (1843–1844)
Miguel Barbachano, President (1844)
José Tiburcio López Constante, President (1844–1846)
Miguel Barbachano, President (1846–1847)
Domingo Barret, President (1847)
Santiago Méndez, President (1847)
Miguel Barbachano, President (1847–1848)
Second Federal Republic of Mexico (complete list) –
José Mariano Salas, President (1846)
Valentín Gómez Farías, President (1846–1847)
Santa Anna, Interim President (1847)
Pedro María de Anaya, President (1847)
Santa Anna, Interim President (1847)
Manuel de la Peña y Peña, President (1847)
Pedro María de Anaya, President (1847–1848)
Manuel de la Peña y Peña, President (1848)
José Joaquín de Herrera, President (1848–1851)
United States
United States (complete list) –
John Adams, President (1797–1801)
Thomas Jefferson, President (1801–1809)
James Madison, President (1809–1817)
James Monroe, President (1817–1825)
John Quincy Adams, President (1825–1829)
Andrew Jackson, President (1829–1837)
Martin Van Buren, President (1837–1841)
William Henry Harrison, President (1841)
John Tyler, President (1841–1845)
James K. Polk, President (1845–1849)
Zachary Taylor, President (1849–1850)
Millard Fillmore, President (1850–1853)
California Republic –
William B. Ide, Commander (1846)
Cherokee Nation (complete list) –
Little Turkey, First Beloved Man (1788–1794), Principal Chief (1794–1801)
Black Fox, Principal Chief (1801–1811)
Pathkiller, Principal Chief (1811–1828)
Big Tiger, dissident Chief (1824–1828)
Charles R. Hicks, Principal Chief (1827)
William Hicks, Principal Chief (1827–1828)
John Ross, Principal Chief (1828–1866)
Republic of Indian Stream –
Luther Parker, Justice of the Peace (1832−1835)
State of Muskogee –
William Augustus Bowles, Director General (1799–1803)
Republic of the Rio Grande –
Jesús de Cárdenas, President (1840)
Republic of Texas (complete list) –
David G. Burnet, interim President (1836)
Sam Houston, President (1836−1838, 1841−1844)
Mirabeau B. Lamar, President (1838–1841)
Anson Jones, President (1844−1846)
Republic of West Florida –
Fulwar Skipwith, Governor (1810)
Americas: South
Argentina
Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (complete list) –
Spanish Colony, 1776–1814
For details see Spain in southwest Europe
United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (complete list) –
Primera Junta (1810)
Junta Grande (1810−1811)
Feliciano Chiclana, Juan José Paso, Manuel de Sarratea, First Triumvirate (1811−1812), Juan Martín de Pueyrredón, replacement for Paso (1812)
Juan José Paso, Nicolás Rodríguez Peña, Antonio Álvarez Jonte, Second Triumvirate (1812−1814)
Gervasio Antonio de Posadas, Supreme Director (1814–1815)
Carlos María de Alvear, Supreme Director (1815)
Juan José Viamonte, Supreme Director (1815)
José de San Martín, Matías de Irigoyen, Manuel de Sarratea, Third Triumvirate (1815)
José Rondeau, Supreme Director (1815)
Ignacio Álvarez Thomas, Acting Director (1815–1816)
Antonio González de Balcarce, Supreme Director (1816)
Juan Martín de Pueyrredón, Supreme Director (1816–1819)
José Rondeau, Supreme Director (1819–1820)
Juan Pedro Aguirre, Interim (1820)
Bernardino Rivadavia, President (1826−1827)
Vicente López y Planes, interim president (1827)
Manuel Dorrego, governor managing international relations (1827–1828)
Juan Lavalle, interim governor managing international relations (1828–1829)
Juan José Viamonte, governor managing international relations (1829)
Juan Manuel de Rosas, governor managing international relations (1829–1831)
Republic of Entre Ríos –
Francisco Ramírez, Supreme Chief (1820–1821)
Argentine Confederation (complete list) –
Juan Manuel de Rosas, Governor of Buenos Aires Province (1829–1832, 1835–1852)
Juan Ramón Balcarce, Governor of Buenos Aires Province (1832–1833)
Juan José Viamonte, Governor of Buenos Aires Province (1832–1833)
Manuel Vicente Maza, Governor of Buenos Aires Province (1834–1835)
Bolivia
Republic of Bolivia (complete list) –
Simón Bolívar, Liberator of Bolivia (1825)
Antonio José de Sucre, Liberator of Bolivia (1825–1826), President (1826–1828)
José María Pérez de Urdininea, President (1828)
José Miguel de Velasco Franco, Acting President (1828)
Pedro Blanco Soto, Provisional President (1828–1829)
José Miguel de Velasco Franco, Acting President (1829)
Andrés de Santa Cruz
Provisional President (1829–1831), President (1831–1839)
Supreme Protector of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation (1836–1839)
José Miguel de Velasco Franco, Provisional Supreme Chief (1839), Provisional President (1839–1840), President (1840–1841)
Sebastián Ágreda, Provisional Chief (1841)
Mariano Calvo, Acting President (1841)
José Ballivián, Provisional President (1841–1844), President (1844–1847)
Eusebio Guilarte Vera, Interim President (1847–1848)
José Miguel de Velasco Franco, Provisional President (1848)
Manuel Isidoro Belzu, Provisional President (1848–1850), President (1850–1855)
Brazil
Colonial Brazil (complete list) –
Portuguese colony, 1500/1534–1808
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe
Kingdom of Brazil (complete list) –
Maria I, Queen (1815–1816)
John VI, King (1816–1822)
Empire of Brazil (complete list) –
Pedro I, Emperor (1822–1831)
Pedro II, Emperor (1831–1889)
Chile
Captaincy General of Chile (complete list) –
Spanish Colony, 1541–1818
For details see Spain in southwest Europe
Kingdom of Chile (complete list) –
First Government Junta
Mateo de Toro y Zambrano, President (1810–1811)
Juan Martínez de Rozas, Interim President (1811)
Fernando Márquez de la Plata, President (1811)
First National Congress
Juan Antonio Ovalle, President (1811)
Martín Calvo Encalada, President (1811), President of the Provisional Executive Authority (1811)
Juan Enrique Rosales, President of the Executive Court (1811)
Provisional Government Junta
José Miguel Carrera, President (1811), of the Provisional Supreme Authority (1811–1812), (1812)
José Santiago Portales, President (1812)
Pedro José Prado Jaraquemada, President (1812)
José Miguel Carrera, President (1812–1813)
Juan José Carrera, President (1813)
Superior Governmental Junta
Francisco Antonio Pérez, President (1813)
José Miguel Infante, President (1813–1814)
Agustín Eyzaguirre, President (1814)
Supreme Director of Chile
Antonio José de Irisarri, Supreme Director (1814)
Francisco de la Lastra, Supreme Director (1814)
José Miguel Carrera, Supreme Director (1814)
Captaincy General of Chile: Reconquest of Chile (complete list) –
Spanish Colony, 1541–1818
For details see Spain in southwest Europe
Estado de Chile (complete list) –
Bernardo O'Higgins, Supreme Director (1817–1823)
Agustín Eyzaguirre, President of the Government Junta (1823)
Ramón Freire, Interim Supreme Director (1823–1826)
Conservative Republic of Chile (complete list) –
Manuel Blanco Encalada, President (1826)
Agustín Eyzaguirre, President (1827)
Ramón Freire, President (1827)
Francisco Antonio Pinto, President (1827–1829)
José Tomás Ovalle, President (1829–1831)
Fernando Errázuriz Aldunate, President (1831)
José Joaquín Prieto, President (1831–1841)
Manuel Bulnes, President (1841–1851)
Colombia
Viceroyalty of New Granada (complete list) –
Spanish Colony, 1717–1723, 1739–1810, 1815–1821
For details see Spain in southwest Europe
Supreme Governing Junta of Santa Fe de Bogotá (complete list) –
Antonio José Amar y Borbón, President of the Supreme Governing Junta, viceregent of the King's Person (1810)
José Miguel Pey, President of the Supreme Governing Junta, viceregent of the King's Person (1810-1811)
Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca (complete list) –
Jorge Tadeo Lozano, President of Cundinamarca, viceregent of the King's Person (1811)
Antonio Nariño, President of Cundinamarca, viceregent of the King's Person (1811-1812)
Manuel Benito de Castro, President of Cundinamarca, viceregent of the King's Person (1812)
Antonio Nariño, President of Cundinamarca, viceregent of the King's Person (1812-1813)
Antonio Nariño, President of Cundinamarca (1813-1814)
Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez del Casal, President of Cundinamarca (1814)
United Provinces of New Granada (complete list) –
José Miguel Pey, President of the Supreme Governing Junta (1810–1811)
Gran Colombia (complete list) –
Simón Bolívar, President (1819–1830)
Joaquín Mosquera, President (1830, 1831)
Rafael Urdaneta, President (1830–1831)
Republic of New Granada (complete list) –
Francisco de Paula Santander, President (1832–1837)
José Ignacio de Márquez, President (1837–1841)
Pedro Alcántara Herrán, President (1841–1845)
Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera, President (1845–1849)
José Hilario López, President (1849–1853)
Ecuador
Republic of Ecuador (complete list) –
Juan José Flores, Jéfe Supremo (1830), President (1830–1834)
Vicente Rocafuerte, Jéfe Supremo of Guayas (1834–1835), Jéfe Supremo Chief of the State (1835), President (1835–1839)
Juan José Flores, President (1839–1843), President (1843–1845)
José Joaquín de Olmedo, Head of Provisional Government (1845)
Vicente Ramón Roca, President (1845–1849)
Manuel de Ascásubi, Interim President (1849–1850)
Diego Noboa, Interim President (1850–1851), President (1851)
Guyana
British Guiana (complete list) –
British colony, 1814–1966
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Paraguay
Republic of Paraguay (complete list) –
Junta, President of the Superior Governing Junta (1811)
Fulgencio Yegros, President of the Superior Governing Junta (1811–1813)
José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, Consul (1813–1814)
Fulgencio Yegros, Consul (1814)
José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, Consul (1814)
José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, Supreme Dictator (1814–1840)
Manuel Antonio Ortiz, President of the Provisional Junta (1840–1841)
Juan José Medina, President of the Provisional Junta (1841)
Mariano Roque Alonzo, President of the Provisional Junta (1841)
Carlos Antonio López, Consul (1841–1844)
Mariano Roque Alonzo, Consul (1841–1844)
Carlos Antonio López, President (1844–1862)
Peru
Viceroyalty of Peru (complete list) –
Spanish Colony, 1542–1824
For details see Spain in southwest Europe
Protectorate of Peru (complete list) –
José de San Martín, Protector of Peru (1821–1822)
Republic of Peru (complete list) –
Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro, Interim caretaker (1822)
José La Mar, President of the Government Junta (1822–1823)
José Bernardo de Tagle, President of the Government Junta (1823)
José de la Riva Agüero, President (1823)
Antonio José de Sucre, President (1823)
José Bernardo de Tagle, Supreme Delegate (1823–1824)
Simón Bolívar, President (1824–1827)
Andrés de Santa Cruz, President of the Government Council (1827)
Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano, Interim caretaker (1827)
José de la Mar, President (1827–1829)
Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente, President (1829)
Agustín Gamarra, President (1829–1833)
Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro, Interim caretaker (1833)
Luis José de Orbegoso, President (1833, 1834–1835, 1836)
Pedro Pablo Bermúdez, Provisional Supreme Ruler (1833–1834)
Felipe Santiago Salaverry, Supreme Legislator (1835–1836)
Peru–Bolivian Confederation –
Andrés de Santa Cruz, Supreme Protector (1836–1839)
Republic of Peru (complete list) –
Agustín Gamarra, President (1838–1841)
Manuel Menéndez, President of the Government Council (1841–1842)
Juan Crisóstomo Torrico, President (1842)
Juan Francisco de Vidal, (1842–1843)
Justo Figuerola, President (1843)
Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco, President (1843–1844)
Domingo Nieto, President of the Government Junta – Grand Marshal of Peru (1843–1844)
Ramón Castilla, President (1844)
Domingo Elías, President (1844)
Manuel Menéndez, President of the Government Council (1844)
Justo Figuerola, President (1844)
Manuel Menéndez, President of the Government Council (1844–1845)
Ramón Castilla, President (1845–1851)
Suriname
Dutch Surinam (complete list) –
Dutch colony 1667–1954
For details see the Netherlands under western Europe
Uruguay
Liga Federal –
José Gervasio Artigas, Protector (1815–1820)
Oriental Republic of Uruguay (complete list) –
Fructuoso Rivera, President (1830–1834)
Carlos Anaya, Acting (1834–1835)
Manuel Oribe, President (1835–1838)
Gabriel Antonio Pereira, Acting (1838–1839)
Fructuoso Rivera, President (1839–1843)
Manuel Oribe, Disputed with Joaquín Suárez (1843–1851)
Venezuela
First Republic of Venezuela –
Francisco de Miranda, President (1811–1812)
Second Republic of Venezuela –
Simón Bolívar, President (1813–1814)
Third Republic of Venezuela –
Simón Bolívar, President (1817–1819)
State of Venezuela (complete list) –
José Antonio Páez, President (1830–1835)
Andrés Narvarte, Interim President (1835)
José María Vargas, President (1835)
José María Carreño, Interim President (1835)
José María Vargas, President (1835–1836)
Andrés Narvarte, President (1836–1837)
José María Carreño, Interim President (1837)
Carlos Soublette, President (1837–1839)
José Antonio Páez, President (1839–1843)
Carlos Soublette, President (1843–1847)
José Tadeo Monagas, President (1847–1851)
Asia
Asia: Central
Kazakhstan
Kazakh Khanate (complete list) –
Kenesary, Khan (1841–1847)
Junior zhuz (complete list) –
Aishuaq, Khan (1797–1805)
Shergazy, Khan (1805–1824)
Bukey Horde (complete list) –
Bokei, Khan (1801–1815)
Shygai, Khan (1815–1823)
Zhangir, Khan (1823–1845)
Middle zhuz (complete list) –
Uali, Khan (1781–1819)
Gubaidolla, Khan (1819–1822)
Tibet
Tibet under Qing rule (Qing emperors / Dalai Lamas) –
Manchu overlordship, 1720–1912
For details see the Qing dynasty under Eastern Asia
Uzbekistan
Khanate of Kokand –
Narbuta Bey, Khan (c.1764–1801)
Alim, Khan (1800–1810)
Muhammad Umar, Khan (1810–1822)
Muhammad Ali, Khan (1822–1842)
Shir Ali, Khan (1842–1845)
Murad Beg, Khan (1845)
Muhammad Khudayar, Khan (1845–1858)
Khanate of Khiva (complete list) –
Abu al-Ghazi IV, Khan (1790–1802)
Abu al-Ghazi V ibn Gha'ib, Khan (1802–1804)
Iltazar Inaq ibn Iwaz Inaq, Khan (1804–1806)
Muhammad Rahim Bahadur I (1806–1825)
Allah Quli Bahadur, Khan (1825–1842)
Muhammad Rahim Quli, Khan (1842–1846)
Abu al-Ghazi Muhammad Amin Bahadur, Khan (1846–1855)
Emirate of Bukhara –
Shah Murad bin Daniyal Bey, Amir (1785–1800)
Haydar Tora bin Shah Murad, Amir (1800–1826)
Hussain bin Haydar Tora, Amir (1826–1827)
Umar bin Haydar Tora, Amir (1827)
Nasr-Allah bin Haydar Tora, Amir (1827–1860)
Asia: East
China
Qing dynasty (complete list) –
Jiaqing, Emperor (1796–1820)
Daoguang, Emperor (1820–1850)
Xianfeng, Emperor (1850–1861)
Japan
Tokugawa shogunate of Japan
Emperors (complete list) –
Kōkaku, Emperor (1780–1817)
Ninkō, Emperor (1817–1846)
Kōmei, Emperor (1846–1867)
Shōgun (complete list) –
Tokugawa Ienari, Shōgun (1787–1837)
Tokugawa Ieyoshi, Shōgun (1837–1853)
Ryukyu Kingdom: Second Shō dynasty –
Vassal state of Satsuma Domain, 1609–1872
Shō On, King (1795–1802)
Shō Sei, King (1802–1803)
Shō Kō, King (1804–1828)
Shō Iku, Regent (1828–1835), King (1835–1847)
Shō Tai, King (1848–1879), Vassal state of the Empire of Japan, 1872–1879
Korea
Joseon (complete list) –
Sunjo, King (1800–1834)
Heonjong, King (1834–1849)
Asia: Southeast
Brunei
Bruneian Empire (complete list) –
Muhammad Tajuddin, Sultan (1778–1804, 1804–1807)
Muhammad Jamalul Alam I, Sultan (1804)
Muhammad Kanzul Alam, Sultan (1807–1826)
Muhammad Alam, Sultan (1826–1828)
Omar Ali Saifuddin II, Sultan (1828–1852)
Cambodia
Kingdom of Cambodia: Middle Period (complete list) –
Ang Chan, King (1806–1834)
Ang Mey, King (1834–1841)
Ang Duong, King (1841–1860)
French Protectorate of Cambodia (complete list) –
Protectorate, 1863–1984, part of French Indochina 1887–1953
Indonesia
Dutch East Indies (complete list) –
Dutch colony 1800–1811, 1816–1949
For details see the Netherlands under western Europe
Indonesia: Java
Banten Sultanate (complete list) –
Abdul Mofakhir Muhammad Aliuddin I, Sultan (1777–1802)
Abdul Fath Muhammad Muhyuddin, Sultan (1802–1805)
Abu Nazar Muhammad Isyak, Sultan (1805–1808)
Abdul Mofakhir Muhammad Aliuddin II, Sultan (1808–1810)
Muhammad Tsafiuddin, Sultan (1810–1811)
Pangeran Ahmad, Regent (1811–1813)
Muhammad Muhyuddin, Regent (1813–1816)
Muhammad Rafiuddin, Sultan (1816–1832)
Sultanate of Cirebon: Keraton Kasepuhan (complete list) –
Sepuh VII Joharuddin, Sultan (1791–1816)
Sepuh VIII Syamsuddin, Sultan (1816–1819)
Sultanate of Cirebon: Kraton Kanoman (complete list) –
Anom VI Muhammad Kamaruddin, Sultan (1807–1819)
Sultanate of Cirebon: Kraton Kacirebonan (complete list) –
Cirebon IV, Sultan (1808–1810)
Sultanate of Cirebon: Panembahan line (complete list) –
Cirebon IV, Sultan (1808–1810)
Bangkalan –
Cakraningrat VII, Sultan (1780–1815)
Cakraningrat VIII, Sultan (1815–1847)
Cakraningrat IX, Sultan (1847–1862)
Sumenep –
Tirtanegara, Sultan (1767–1811)
Natadiningrat, Regent (1804–1810)
Paku Nataningrat, Sultan (1811–1854)
Pamekasan –
Aria Cakraadiningrat II, R. Alsana, Sultan (1800–1804)
Panembahan Mangku Adiningrat, Sultan (1804–1842)
Pangeran Aria Suriokusumo, Sultan (1842–1853)
Surakarta Sunanate (complete list) –
Pakubuwono IV, Sultan (1788–1820)
Pakubuwono V, Sultan (1820–1823)
Pakubuwono VI, Sultan (1823–1830)
Pakubuwono VII, Sultan (1830–1858)
Yogyakarta Sultanate (complete list) –
Hamengkubuwono II, Sultan (1792–1810, 1811–1812, 1826–1828)
Hamengkubuwono III, Sultan (1810–1811, 1812–1814)
Hamengkubuwono IV, Sultan (1814–1822)
Hamengkubuwono V, Sultan (1822–1826, 1828–1855)
Mangkunegaran (complete list) –
Mangkunegara II, Sultan (1795–1835)
Mangkunegara III, Sultan (1835–1853)
Kalibawang –
Mangkudiningrat, Sultan (1831)
Pangeran Adipati Natapraja, Sultan (1831–1853)
Nangulan –
Pangeran Prabu Adiningrat, Sultan (1831–1833)
Pakualaman (complete list) –
Pakualam I, Sultan (1812–1829)
Pakualam II, Sultan (1829–1858)
Indonesia: Sumatra
Pagaruyung Kingdom –
Muning Alamsyah Sultan (?–1825)
Tangkal Alam Bagagar Sultan (1825–1849)
Aceh Sultanate (complete list) –
Alauddin Jauhar ul-Alam Syah, Sultan (1795–1815, 1819–1823)
Syarif Saiful Alam Syah, Sultan (1815–1819)
Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah I, Sultan (1823–1838)
Alauddin Sulaiman Ali Iskandar Syah, Sultan (1838–1857)
Johor Sultanate (complete list) –
Mahmud Shah III, Sultan (1761–1812)
Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah, Sultan (1812–1819)
Hussein Shah, Sultan (1819–1835)
Ali, Sultan (1835–1855)
Sultanate of Deli (complete list) –
Tuanku Panglima Gandar Wahid, Sultan (1761–1805)
Amaluddin Mangendar, Sultan (1805–1850)
Osman Perkasa Alam Shah, Sultan (1850–1858)
Sultanate of Langkat –
Kejuruan Hitam (Tuah Hitam), Raja (1750–1818)
Ahmad bin Raja Indra Bungsu, Raja (1818–1840)
Haji Musa al-Khalid al-Mahadiah Muazzam Shah, Sultan (1840–1893)
Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura (complete list) –
al-Sayyid al-Sharif Ali Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin Ba'alawi, Sultan (1784–1810)
al-Sayyid al-Sharif Ibrahim Abdul Jalil Khaliluddin, Sultan (1810–1815)
al-Sayyid al-Sharif Ismail Abdul Jalil Jalaluddin, Sultan (1815–1854)
Sultanate of Serdang (complete list) –
Al-Marhum Kacapuri, Raja (1782–1822)
Al-Marhum Besar, Sultan (1822–1851)
Riau-Lingga Sultanate
Sultans –
Mahmud Shah III, Sultan (1761–1812)
Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah, Sultan (1812–1832)
Muhammad II Muazzam Shah, Sultan (1832–1842)
Mahmud IV Muzaffar Shah, Sultan (1842–1858)
Yang di-Pertuan Muda –
Ali, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1784–1805)
Ja'afar, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1805–1831)
Abdul Rahman, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1831–1844)
Ali bin Raja Jaafar, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1844–1857)
Jambi Sultanate –
Ratu Seri Ingalaga, Sultan (1790–1812)
Agung Seri Ingalaga, Sultan (1812–1833)
Muhammad Fakhruddin, Sultan (1833–1841)
Abdul Rahman Nazaruddin, Sultan (1841–1855)
Indonesia: Kalimantan (Borneo)
Sultanate of Banjar (complete list) –
Tahmidullah II/Sultan Nata, Sultan (1761–1801)
Sulaiman al-Mutamidullah, Sultan (1801–1825)
Adam Al-Watsiq Billah, Sultan (1825–1857)
Sultanate of Bulungan –
Aji Muhammad, Sultan (1777–1817)
Muhammad Alimuddin Amirul Muminin Kahharuddin I, Sultan (1817–1861, 1866–1873)
Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate –
Aji Muhammad Salehudin, Sultan (?–1844)
Lanfang Republic –
Yan Sibo, President (1799–1804)
Jiang Wubo, President (1804–1811)
Song, President (1811–1823)
Liu Taiji, President (1823–1838)
Gu Liubo, President (1838–1842)
Xie Guifang, President (1842–1843)
Ye Tenghui, President (1843–1845)
Liu Ganxing, President (1845–1848)
Pontianak Sultanate (complete list) –
Syarif Abdurrahman Alkadrie, Sultan (1771–1808)
Syarif Kasim Alkadrie, Sultan (1808–1819)
Syarif Osman Alkadrie, Sultan (1819–1855)
Sultanate of Sambas (complete list) –
Abu Bakar Taj ud-din I, Sultan (1793–1815)
Muhammad 'Ali Shafi ud-din I, Sultan (1815–1828)
Usman Kamal ud-din, Sultan (1828–1832)
Umar Akam ud-din III, Sultan (1832–1846)
Abu Bakar Taj ud-din II, Sultan (1846–1854)
Sultanate of Sintang –
Sri Paduka Muhammad Qamar ud-din ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Abdu'l Rashid Muhammad Jamal ud-din, Sultan (1796–1851)
Indonesia: Sulawesi
Sultanate of Gowa –
I Manawari Karaeng Bontolangkasa, Sultan (1778–1810)
I Mappatunru/I Mangikarang Karaeng Lembang Parang, Sultan (1816–1825)
La Oddanriu Karaeng Katangka, Sultan (1825–1826)
Abdul Kadir Moh Aidid, Sultan (1826–1893)
Luwu –
La Tenri Peppang, Datu (1778–1810)
We Tenri Awaru, Datu (1810–1825)
La Oddang Pero, Datu (1825–1854)
Indonesia: Lesser Sunda Islands
Bima Sultanate (complete list) –
Abdul Hamid Muhammad Syah, Sultan (1773–1817)
Ismail Muhammad Syah, Sultan (1817–1854)
Indonesia: West Timor
Amanatun (complete list) –
Nai Taman, Raja (c.1832)
Amarasi (complete list) –
Don Rote Ruatefu, Raja (1774–1802)
Kiri Lote, Raja (1803–pre-1832)
Koroh Kefi, Raja (pre-1832–1853)
Amabi (complete list) –
Afu Balthazar, Raja (c.1797–pre-1824)
Arnoldus Adriaan Karel Loti, Raja (pre-1824–1834)
Osu II, Raja (1834–1859)
Sonbai Besar (complete list) –
Nai Sobe Sonbai II, Emperor (1808–1867))
Sonbai Kecil (complete list) –
Nube Bena/ Pieter Nisnoni I, Raja (1798–1820)
Isu Baki, Raja (1820s)
Ote Nuben Nisnoni, Raja (post-1832)
Babkas Nube Nisnoni/ Pieter Nisnoni II, Raja (?–1839)
Meis Babkas Nisnoni, Raja (1839–1860)
Amanuban (complete list) –
Tobani, Raja (1786–c.1807)
Louis, Raja (c.1807–c.1824)
Baki, Raja (c.1824–1862)
Indonesia: Maluku Islands
Sultanate of Bacan (complete list) –
Dutch protectorate 1667–1942
Kamarullah, Sultan (1797–1826)
Muhammad Hayatuddin Kornabé, Sultan (1826–1861)
Sultanate of Jailolo –
British occupation 1799–1802
Muhammad Arif Bila, Sultan (1797–1806)
Muhammad Asgar, Sultan (1808–1818)
Muhammad Hajuddin Syah, Sultan (1818–1825)
Sultanate of Tidore (complete list) –
Dutch protectorate 1657–1905
Nuku, Muhammad al-Mabus Amiruddin Syah, Sultan (1797–1805)
Zainal Abidin, Sultan (1805–1810)
Muhammad Tahir, Sultan (1811–1821)
Al-Mansur Sirajuddin, Sultan (1822–1856)
Sultanate of Ternate (complete list) –
Dutch protectorate 1683–1915
Muhammad Yasin, Sultan (1796–1801)
Muhammad Ali, Sultan (1807–1821)
Muhammad Sarmoli, Sultan (1821–1823)
Muhammad Zain, Sultan (1823–1859)
Laos
Kingdom of Vientiane (complete list) –
Intharavong, King (1795–1805)
Anouvong, King (1804–1828)
Muang Phuan (complete list) –
Somphou, King (1779–1803)
Noi, King (1803–1831)
Po, King (1848–1865), vassal to Siam and Vietnam
Kingdom of Champasak (complete list) –
Fay Na, King (1791–1811)
No Muong, King (1811–1813)
Manoi, King (1813–1819)
Nyô, King (1819–1827)
Vassal to Siam (1829–1893)
Huy, King (1828–1840)
Nark, King (1841–1851)
Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (complete list) –
Anourouth, King (1791–1817)
Mantha Tourath, Regent (1815–1817), King (1817–1836)
Unkeo, Regent (1837–1838)
Soukhaseum, King (1838–1851)
French Protectorate of Luang Phrabang (complete list) –
Protectorate and constituent of French Indochina (1893–1953)
Malaysia
Peninsular Malaysia
Kedah Sultanate (complete list) –
Dziaddin Mukarram Shah II, Sultan, (1797–1803)
Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II, Sultan, (1803–1821)
Siamese invasion of Kedah, Sultan, (1821–1842)
Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II, Sultan, (1842–1845)
Zainal Rashid Al-Mu'adzam Shah I, Sultan, (1845–1854)
Hans von Reinhard, President of the Swiss Diet (1814)
Hans Konrad von Escher vom Luchs, President of the Swiss Diet (1814)
Johann Konrad Finsler, President of the Swiss Diet (1814)
David von Wyss II, President of the Swiss Diet (1814–1815)
Hans von Reinhard, President of the Swiss Diet (1816)
Niklaus Rudolf von Wattenwyl, President of the Swiss Diet (1817)
Niklaus Friedrich von Mülinen, President of the Swiss Diet (1818)
Josef Karl Xaver Leopold Leodegar Amrhyn, President of the Swiss Diet (1819)
Vinzenz Rüttimann, President of the Swiss Diet (1820)
David von Wyss II, President of the Swiss Diet (1821)
Hans von Reinhard, President of the Swiss Diet (1822)
Niklaus Rudolf von Wattenwyl, President of the Swiss Diet (1823)
Niklaus Friedrich von Mülinen, President of the Swiss Diet (1824)
Josef Karl Xaver Leopold Leodegar Amrhyn, President of the Swiss Diet (1825)
Vinzenz Rüttimann, President of the Swiss Diet (1826)
David von Wyss II, President of the Swiss Diet (1827)
Hans von Reinhard, President of the Swiss Diet (1828)
Niklaus Rudolf von Wattenwyl, President of the Swiss Diet (1829)
Emanuel Friedrich von Fischer, President of the Swiss Diet (1830)
Josef Karl Xaver Leopold Leodegar Amrhyn, President of the Swiss Diet (1831)
Eduard Pfyffer von Altishoven, President of the Swiss Diet (1832)
Johann Jakob Hess, President of the Swiss Diet (1833)
Konrad Melchior Hirzel, President of the Swiss Diet (1834)
Franz Karl von Tavel, President of the Swiss Diet (1835)
Karl Friedrich Tscharner, President of the Swiss Diet (1836)
Josef Karl Xaver Leopold Leodegar Amrhyn, President of the Swiss Diet (1837)
Georg Jakob Kopp, President of the Swiss Diet (1838)
Johann Jakob Hess, President of the Swiss Diet (1839)
Johann Konrad von Muralt, President of the Swiss Diet (1840)
Johann Karl Friedrich Neuhaus, President of the Swiss Diet (1841)
Karl Friedrich Tscharner, President of the Swiss Diet (1842)
Rudolf Rüttimann, President of the Swiss Diet (1843)
Konstantin Siegwart-Müller, President of the Swiss Diet (1844)
Johann Heinrich Emmanuel Mousson, President of the Swiss Diet (1845)
Jonas Furrer, President of the Swiss Diet (1845)
Johann Ulrich Zehnder, President of the Swiss Diet (1846)
Alexander Ludwig Funk, President of the Swiss Diet (1847)
Ulrich Ochsenbein, (1847)
Johann Rudolf Schneider, President of the Swiss Diet (1847)
Ulrich Ochsenbein, President of the Swiss Diet (1847–1848)
Alexander Ludwig Funk, President of the Swiss Diet (1848)
Switzerland (complete list) –
Jonas Furrer, President of the Confederation (1848–1849)
Henri Druey, President of the Confederation (1850)
Constituent states of the Confederation of the Rhine and German Confederation
These are leaders of constituent states from the German mediatisation in 1806 until the dissolution of the German Confederation in 1866. Leaders of constituent states within the Holy Roman Empire are excluded up to the time of German mediatisation (1801–1806).
Anhalt-Bernburg (complete list) –
Alexius Frederick Christian, Prince (1796–1807), Duke (1807–1834)
Alexander Karl, Duke (1834–1863)
re-united to Anhalt
Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (complete list) –
Victor II, Prince (1806–1812)
Frederick, Prince (1812)
inherited by Anhalt-Bernburg
Anhalt-Köthen (complete list) –
Augustus Christian Frederick, Prince (1789–1806), Duke (1806–1812)
Louis Augustus Karl Frederick Emil, Duke (1812–1818)
Frederick Ferdinand, Duke (1818–1830)
Henry V, Duke (1830–1847)
merged to Anhalt-Dessau
Anhalt-Dessau (complete list) –
Leopold III, Prince (1751–1758), Duke (1758–1817), Regent of Anhalt-Köthen (1812–1817)
Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau (1817–1863), of Anhalt-Köthen (1847–1863), of Anhalt (1863–1871), Regent of Anhalt-Köthen (1817–1818)
Duchy of Anhalt (complete list) –
Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau (1817–1863), of Anhalt-Köthen (1847–1863), of Anhalt (1863–1871), Regent of Anhalt-Köthen (1817–1818)
Arenberg (complete list) –
Prosper Louis, Duke (1803–1810)
Grand Duchy of Baden (complete list) –
Charles Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1746–1771), of Baden (1771–1803), Elector (1803–1806), Grand Duke (1806–1811)
Charles, Grand Duke (1811–1818)
Louis I, Grand Duke (1818–1830)
Leopold, Grand Duke (1830–1852)
Kingdom of Bavaria (complete list) –
Maximillian IV, Elector (1799–1805), King (1805–1825)
Ludwig I, King (1825–1848)
Maximilian II, King (1848–1864)
Bremen-Verden (complete list) –
George III, Duke (1760–1807, 1813–1820)
George IV, Regent (1811–1820), Duke (1820–1823)
Duchy of Brunswick (complete list) –
Frederick William, Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1806–1807), Duke of Brunswick (1813–1815)
Charles II, Duke (1815–1830)
William, Duke (1830–1884)
Free City of Frankfurt (de:complete list) –
Johann Wilhelm Metzler, Senior Mayor (1816–1817)
Georg Steitz, Senior Mayor (1818)
Johann Wilhelm Metzler, Senior Mayor (1819)
Carl Wilhelm von Günderrode, Senior Mayor (1820)
Johann Büchner, Senior Mayor (1821)
Georg Friedrich von Guaita, Senior Mayor (1822)
Johann Wilhelm Metzler, Senior Mayor (1823)
Georg Friedrich von Guaita, Senior Mayor (1824)
Johann Friedrich von Meyer, Senior Mayor (1825)
Georg Friedrich von Guaita, Senior Mayor (1826)
Friedrich Philipp Wilhelm von Malapert, Senior Mayor (1827)
Ferdinand Maximilian Starck, Senior Mayor (1828)
Johann Peter Hieronymus Hoch, Senior Mayor (1829)
Friedrich Wilhelm Philipp Freiherr von Malapert, Senior Mayor (1830)
Georg Friedrich von Guaita, Senior Mayor (1831)
Johann Gerhard Christian Thomas, Senior Mayor (1832)
Georg Friedrich von Guaita, Senior Mayor (1833)
Ferdinand Maximilian Starck, Senior Mayor (1834)
Johann Gerhard Christian Thomas, Senior Mayor (1835)
Ferdinand Maximilian Starck, Senior Mayor (1836)
Georg Friedrich von Guaita, Senior Mayor (1837)
Johann Gerhard Christian Thomas, Senior Mayor (1838)
Georg Friedrich von Guaita, Senior Mayor (1838)
Johann Friedrich von Meyer, Senior Mayor (1839)
Gottfried Scharff, Senior Mayor (1840)
Friedrich Carl Hector Wilhelm von Günderrode, Senior Mayor (1841)
Gottfried Scharff, Senior Mayor (1842)
Johann Friedrich von Meyer, Senior Mayor (1843)
Gottfried Scharff, Senior Mayor (1844)
Carl Heinrich Georg von Heyden, Senior Mayor (1845)
Gottfried Scharff, Senior Mayor (1846)
Friedrich Carl Hector Wilhelm Freiherr von Günderrode, Senior Mayor (1847)
Carl Heinrich Georg von Heyden, Senior Mayor (1848)
Samuel Gottlieb Müller, Senior Mayor (1849)
Carl Heinrich Georg von Heyden, Senior Mayor (1850)
Kingdom of Hanover (complete list) –
George III, Elector (1760–1806), King (1814–1820)
George IV, Regent (1810–1820), King (1820–1830)
William IV, King (1830–1837)
Ernest Augustus, King (1837–1851)
Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine (complete list) –
Louis I, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (1790–1806), Grand Duke of Hesse (1806–1830)
Louis II, Grand Duke (1830–1848)
Louis III, Grand Duke (1848–1877)
Hesse-Homburg (complete list) –
Frederick V, Landgrave (1751–1820)
Frederick VI, Landgrave (1820–1829)
Louis William, Landgrave (1829–1839)
Philip, Landgrave (1839–1846)
Gustav, Landgrave (1846–1848)
Ferdinand, Landgrave (1848–1866)
Electorate of Hesse (complete list) –
William I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (1785–1803), Elector of Hesse (1803–1807, 1813–1821)
William II, Elector (1821–1847)
Frederick William, Elector (1847–1866)
Hesse-Philippsthal (complete list) –
Louis, Landgrave (1813–1816)
Ernest Constantine, Landgrave (1816–1849)
Charles II, Landgrave (1849–1866)
Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (complete list) –
Charles, Landgrave (1803–1854)
Hesse-Rotenburg (complete list) –
Charles Emmanuel, Landgrave (1778–1812)
Victor Amadeus, Landgrave (1812–1834)
Hohenzollern-Hechingen (complete list) –
Hermann, Prince (1798–1810)
Frederick, Prince (1810–1838)
Constantine, Prince (1838–1850)
Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (complete list) –
Anton Aloys, Prince (1785–1831)
Charles, Prince (1831–1848)
Karl Anton, Prince (1848–1849)
Duchy of Holstein
Dukes (complete list) –
Christian VII, Duke of Holstein-Glückstadt (1766–1773), of Holstein (1773–1808)
Frederick VI, Duke (1808–1839)
Christian VIII, Duke (1839–1848)
Frederik VII, Duke (1848–1863)
Statholders (complete list) –
Charles of Hesse-Kassel, Statholder (1768–1836)
Frederick of Hesse-Kassel, Statholder (1836–1842)
Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, Statholder (1842–1851)
Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein (complete list) –
Karl, Prince (1803–1820)
Wolfgang Ernest III, Prince (1820–1866)
Principality of Lippe (complete list) –
Leopold II, Prince (1802–1851)
Duchy of Limburg (1839–1867) (complete list) –
William I, Duke (1839–1840)
William II, Duke (1840–1849)
William III, Duke (1849–1866)
Free City of Lübeck (complete list) –
Nicolaus Jacob Keusch, Mayor (1817)
Stephan Hinrich Behncke, Mayor (1818)
Friedrich Nölting, Mayor (1826)
Peter Hinrich Tesdorpf (Kaufmann, 1751), Mayor (1827)
Georg David Richerz, Mayor (1810)
Johann Matthaeus Tesdorpf, Mayor (1811)
Anton Diedrich Gütschow, Mayor (1811–1813)
Friedrich Adolph von Heintze, Mayor (1813)
Christian Adolph Overbeck, Mayor (1814)
Johann Matthaeus Tesdorpf, Mayor (1813–1824)
Christian Heinrich Kindler, Mayor (1821)
Adolph Hinrich Voeg, Mayor (1825)
Christian Heinrich Kindler, Mayor (1825)
Adolph Hinrich Voeg, Mayor (1826)
Christian Heinrich Kindler, Mayor (1827)
Peter Hinrich Tesdorpf (Kaufmann, 1751), Mayor (1827)
Adolph Hinrich Voeg, Mayor (1828)
Christian Heinrich Kindler, Mayor (1829)
Adolph Hinrich Voeg, Mayor (1830)
Christian Heinrich Kindler, Mayor (1831)
Adolph Hinrich Voeg, Mayor (1832)
Bernhard Heinrich Frister, Mayor (1833)
Christian Heinrich Kindler, Mayor (1833)
Johann Heinrich Kipp, Mayor (1833)
Thomas Günther Wunderlich, Mayor (1833)
Christian Heinrich Kindler, Mayor (1834–1835)
Christian Nicolaus von Evers, Mayor (1836)
Christian Heinrich Kindler, Mayor (1837)
Christian Nicolaus von Evers, Mayor (1838)
Christian Heinrich Kindler, Mayor (1839)
Christian Nicolaus von Evers, Mayor (1840)
Christian Heinrich Kindler, Mayor (1841)
Christian Nicolaus von Evers, Mayor (1842)
Christian Heinrich Kindler, Mayor (1843)
Christian Nicolaus von Evers, Mayor (1844)
Johann Joachim Friedrich Torkuhl, Mayor (1845)
Bernhard Heinrich Frister, Mayor (1845–1846)
Johann Joachim Friedrich Torkuhl, Mayor (1847–1848)
Heinrich Brehmer, Mayor (1849–1850)
Duchy/ Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (complete list) –
Frederick Francis I, Duke (1785–1815), Grand Duke (1815–1837)
Paul Frederick, Grand Duke (1837–1842)
Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke (1842–1883)
Duchy/ Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (complete list) –
Charles II, Duke (1794–1815), Grand Duke (1815–1816)
George I, Grand Duke (1816–1860)
Duchy of Nassau (complete list) –
Frederick Augustus, Prince of Nassau-Usingen (1803–1806), Duke of Nassau (1806–1816)
William, Princely count of Nassau-Weilburg (1816), Duke of Nassau (1816–1839)
Adolphe, Duke (1839–1866)
Grand Duchy of Oldenburg (complete list) –
Wilhelm I, Duke (1785–1810), Grand Duke (1815–1823)
Peter I, Regent (1785–1823), Grand Duke (1823–1829)
Augustus I, Grand Duke (1829–1853)
Reuss-Ebersdorf (complete list) –
Heinrich LI, Count (1779–1806), Prince (1806–1822)
Heinrich LXXII, Prince of Reuss-Ebersdorf (1822–1848), of Reuss-Lobenstein (1824–1848)
Reuss-Gera (complete list) –
Heinrich XLII, Prince (1806–1818)
Heinrich LXII, Prince (1818–1854)
Reuss-Greiz (complete list) –
Heinrich XIII, Prince (1800–1817)
Heinrich XIX, Prince (1817–1836)
Heinrich XX, Prince (1836–1859)
Reuss-Lobenstein (complete list) –
Heinrich LIV, Prince (1805–1824)
Heinrich LXXII, Prince of Reuss-Ebersdorf (1822–1848), of Reuss-Lobenstein (1824–1848)
Salm-Horstmar (complete list) –
Frederick Charles Augustus, Count (1803–1813)
Wilhelm Friedrich, Prince (1816–1865)
Salm-Kyrburg (complete list) –
Frederick IV, Prince (1794–1813)
Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach (complete list) –
Francis Wenceslaus, Altgrave (1769–1811)
Salm-Reifferscheid-Raitz (complete list) –
Charles Joseph, Altgrave (1769–1790), Prince (1790–1811)
Salm-Salm (complete list) –
Konstantin Alexander, Prince (1778–1813)
Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (complete list) –
Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1806–1826), of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1826–1844)
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (complete list) –
Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1806–1826), of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1826–1844)
Francesc Antoni de la Dueña y Cisneros, Episcopal Co-Prince (1797–1816)
Bernat Francés Caballero i Mathet, Episcopal Co-Prince (1817–1824)
Bonifaci López i Pulido, Episcopal Co-Prince (1824–1827)
Simó de Guardiola i Hortoneda, Episcopal Co-Prince (1827–1851)
French Co-Princes (complete list) –
Napoleon I, French Co-Prince (1806–1812, 1813–1814, 1815)
Louis XVIII, French Co-Prince (1814–1815, 1815–1824)
Napoleon II, French Co-Prince (1815)
Charles X, French Co-Prince (1824–1830)
Louis Philippe I, French Co-Prince (1830–1848)
Napoléon III, French Co-Prince (1848–1870)
Portugal
Kingdom of Portugal
Monarchs (complete list) –
Maria I, Queen (1777–1816)
John VI, King (1816–1826)
Pedro IV, King (1826–1826)
Maria II, Queen (1826–1828, 1834–1853)
Miguel I, King (1828–1834)
Ferdinand II, King (1837–1853)
Prime ministers (complete list) –
Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Prime minister (1834–1835)
Vitório Maria de Sousa Coutinho, Prime minister (1835)
João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira e Daun, Prime minister (1835)
José Jorge Loureiro, Prime minister (1835–1836)
António Severim de Noronha, Prime minister (1836)
José da Gama Carneiro e Sousa, Prime minister (1836)
Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Prime minister (1836–1837)
António Dias de Oliveira, Prime minister (1837)
Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Prime minister (1837–1839)
Rodrigo Pinto Pizarro, Prime minister (1839)
José Travassos Valdez, Prime minister (1839–1841)
Joaquim António de Aguiar, Prime minister (1841–1842)
Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Prime minister (1842)
António Bernardo da Costa Cabral, Prime minister (1842–1846)
Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Prime minister (1846)
João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira e Daun, Prime minister (1846–1849)
António Bernardo da Costa Cabral, Prime minister (1849–1851)
Spain
Bourbon Spain (complete list) –
Charles IV, King (1788–1808)
Ferdinand VII, King (1808)
Napoleonic Spain
Monarchs (complete list) –
Joseph Bonaparte, King (1808–1813)
Prime ministers (complete list) –
Mariano Luis de Urquijo, Prime minister (1808–1813)
Juan O'Donoju O'Ryan, Prime minister (1813)
Fernando de Laserna, Prime minister (1813)
Kingdom of Spain (1810–1873) (complete list) –
Ferdinand VII, King (1813–1833)
Isabella II, Queen (1833–1868)
Europe: West
Belgium
Belgium
Monarchs (complete list) –
Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier, Regent (1831)
Leopold I, King (1831–1865)
Prime ministers (complete list) –
Etienne Constantin de Gerlache, Prime minister (1831)
Joseph Lebeau, Prime minister (1831)
Félix de Muelenaere, Prime minister (1831–1832)
Albert Joseph Goblet d'Alviella, Prime minister (1832–1834)
Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt, Prime minister (1834–1840)
Joseph Lebeau, Prime minister (1840–1841)
Jean-Baptiste Nothomb, Prime minister (1841–1845)
Sylvain Van de Weyer, Prime minister (1845–1846)
Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt, Prime minister (1846–1847)
Charles Rogier, Prime minister (1847–1852)
France
French First Republic (complete list) –
Napoleon I, First Consul (1799–1804)
First French Empire (complete list) –
Napoleon I, Emperor (1804–1814, 1815)
Napoleon II, Emperor (1815)
Bourbon Restoration of France
Monarchs (complete list) –
Louis XVIII, King (1814–1815, 1815–1824)
Charles X, King (1824–1830)
Prime ministers (complete list) –
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, Prime minister (1815)
Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Prime minister (1815–1818)
Jean-Joseph, Marquis Dessolles, Prime minister (1818–1819)
Élie, duc Decazes, Prime minister (1819–1820)
rmand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Prime minister (1820–1821)
Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, Prime minister (1821–1828)
Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac, Prime minister (1828–1829)
Jules de Polignac, Prime minister (1829–1830)
July Monarchy of France
Monarchs (complete list) –
Louis Philippe I, King (1830–1848)
Prime ministers (complete list) –
Victor de Broglie, Prime minister (1830)
Jacques Laffitte, Prime minister (1830–1831)
Casimir Pierre Périer, Prime minister (1831–1832)
Jean-de-Dieu Soult, Prime minister (1832–1834)
Étienne Maurice Gérard, Prime minister (1834)
Hugues-Bernard Maret, Prime minister (1834)
Édouard Mortier, Prime minister (1834–1835)
Victor de Broglie, Prime minister (1835–1836)
Adolphe Thiers, Prime minister (1836)
Louis-Mathieu Molé, Prime minister (1836–1839)
Jean-de-Dieu Soult, Prime minister (1839–1840)
Adolphe Thiers, Prime minister (1840)
Jean-de-Dieu Soult, Prime minister (1840–1847)
François Guizot, Prime minister (1847–1848)
Louis-Mathieu Molé, Prime minister (1848)
French Second Republic
Presidents (complete list) –
Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure, President of the provisional government (1848)
Executive Commission: François Arago (President), Alphonse de Lamartine, Louis-Antoine Garnier-Pagès, Alexandre Auguste Ledru-Rollin, Pierre Marie de Saint-Georges (1848)
Louis-Eugène Cavaignac, Chief of the Executive Power (1848)
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, President (1848–1852)
Prime ministers (complete list) –
Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure, Prime minister (1848)
François Arago, Prime minister (1848)
Louis-Eugène Cavaignac, Prime minister (1848)
Odilon Barrot, Prime minister (1848–1849)
Alphonse Henri, comte d'Hautpoul, Prime minister (1849–1851)
Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Monarchs (complete list) –
William I, Grand Duke (1815–1840)
William II, Grand Duke (1840–1849)
William III, Grand Duke (1849–1890)
Prime ministers (complete list) –
Gaspard-Théodore-Ignace de la Fontaine, Prime minister (1848)
Jean-Jacques Willmar, Prime minister (1848–1853)
Monaco
Monaco (complete list) –
Honoré IV, Prince (1814–1819)
Honoré V, Prince (1819–1841)
Florestan I, Prince (1841–1856)
Netherlands
Batavian Republic –
Uitvoerend Bewind (1798–1801)
Kingdom of Holland (complete list) –
Louis Bonaparte, King (1806–1810)
Napoléon Louis Bonaparte, King (1810)
Sovereign Principality/ United Kingdom of the Netherlands (complete list) –
William I, Sovereign Prince (1813–1815), King (1815–1840)
Kingdom of the Netherlands
Monarchs (complete list) –
William I, Sovereign Prince (1813–1815), King (1815–1840)
William II, King (1840–1849)
William III, King (1849–1890)
Prime ministers (complete list) –
Gerrit Schimmelpenninck, Prime minister (1848)
Jacob de Kempenaer, Prime minister (1848–1849)
Johan Rudolph Thorbecke, Prime minister (1849–1853)
Eurasia: Caucasus
Azerbaijan
Baku Khanate (complete list) –
Mirza Muhammad II, Khan (1797–1801)
Husayn Quli, Khan (1801–1806)
Ganja Khanate (complete list) –
Javad, Khan (1786–1804)
Nakhichevan Khanate (complete list) –
Kalbali, Khan (1787–1823)
Ehsan Kangarlu, Khan (1823–1828)
Karim Kangarlu, Khan (1828–1834)
Quba Khanate (complete list) –
Shaykh Ali Agha, Khan (1791–1806)
Husayn, Khan (1806–1816)
Georgia
Principality of Abkhazia (complete list) –
Keilash Ahmed–Bey, Prince (c.1780–1808)
Aslan-Bey, Prince (1808–1810)
Sefer Ali–Bey, Prince (1810–1821)
Umar–Bey, Prince (1821–1822)
Mikhail, Prince (1822–1864)
Kingdom of Imereti (complete list) –
Solomon II, King (1789–1790, 1792–1810)
Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (complete list) –
David Bagrationi, Regent (1800–1801)
Russia: Dagestan
Avar Khanate –
Umma, Khan (1774–1801)
Gazikumukh Khanate (complete list) –
Surkhay ibn Muhammad, Khan (1789–1820)
Aslan ibn Shakhmardan, Khan (1820–1836)
Nutsal-Aga ibn Aslan, Khan (1836–1836)
Muhammad-Mirza ibn Aslan, Khan (1836–1838)
Ummu Kulsum-Beke, Khan (1838–1841)
Abdurrahman ibn Umar, Khan (1841–1847)
Aglar ibn Umar, Khan (1847–1859)
Oceania
Australia and Papua New Guinea
Australia
Colony of New South Wales (complete list) –
British colony, 1788–1900
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Papua New Guinea
German New Guinea (complete list) –
German colony, 1884–1919
For details see the German Empire under central Europe
Territory of Papua (complete list) –
British protectorate, 1884–1888
British colony, 1888–1902
For details see the United Kingdom under the British Isles, Europe
Pacific
Chile
Easter Island (complete list) –
Te Kena, King (?)
Te Tite Anga Henua, King (?)
Nga'ara, King (c.1835–pre-1860)
Fiji
French Polynesia
Kings of Alo
Fonati, King (1784–c.1839)
Niuliki, King (c.1839–1841)
Musumusu, Regent (1841–1844)
Filipo Meitala, King (1844–1862)
Kingdom of Bora Bora (complete list) –
Tapoa I, King (1772–1812)
Mai and Tefaʻaora, rulers (1812–1831)
Tapoa II, King (1831–1860)
Kingdom of Huahine (complete list) –
Tenania, King (1793–1810)
Mahine Teheiura, King (1810–1815)
Teriʻitaria II, Queen (1815–1852)
Mangareva (complete list) –
Te Oa, son of Te Ariki-tea and Toatau King (?)
Te Mateoa (or Mapu-rure), King (?–c.1831)
Te Ika-tohora, King (?–c.1824)
Te Maputeoa, Gregorio I, King (1830–1857)
Kingdom of Raiatea (complete list) –
Tamatoa III, King (1820–1831)
Tamatoa IV, King (1831–1857)
Kings of Sigave
Vanae, King (1800–1839)
Petelo Keletaona, King (1842–1851)
Kings of Uvea (Wallis)
Manuka, King (1767–1810)
Tufele I, King (1810–1818)
Muliakaaka, King (1820–1825)
Uhila, King (1825)
Toifale, Queen (1825)
Mulitoto, King (1825–1826)
Soane-Patita Vaimua Lavelua, King (1826–1829)
Takala, King (1829–1830)
Soane-Patita Vaimua Lavelua, King (1830–1858)
New Zealand
Colony of New Zealand (complete list) –
British colony, 1841–1907
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Monarchy of Niue (complete list) –
Patua-valu, Patu-iki (?)
Galiga, Patu-iki (?)
Kingdom of Rarotonga (complete list) –
British protectorate, 1888–1901
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe