White Eagles (paramilitary)

The White Eagles (Serbian: Бели орлови, romanized: Beli orlovi), also known as the Avengers (Serbian: Осветници, romanized: Osvetnici), were a Serbian paramilitary group associated with the Serbian National Renewal (SNO) and the Serbian Radical Party (SRS). The White Eagles fought in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav Wars.

In the 2003 ICTY Vojislav Šešelj indictment, the group is included as an alleged party in the joint criminal enterprise, in which Vojislav Šešelj allegedly took part. In the indictment the group is identified as "volunteer units including 'Chetnik', or Šešeljevci" (Serbian Cyrillic: Шешељевци). This association has been denied by SRS leader Vojislav Šešelj.

Name

Although the group's members were occasionally referred to as Chetniks, The name White Eagles comes from an anti-communist organisation that was formed during World War II and continued a guerrilla war against Tito's government after the war. White Eagle refers to the national symbol of Serbia, the double headed white eagle under a crown.

History

The White Eagles paramilitary group was formed in late 1990 by Dragoslav Bokan and Mirko Jović. The group split into different factions as Bokan and Jović went their separate ways in 1992. Jović called for "a Christian, Orthodox Serbia with no Muslims and no unbelievers". Šešelj states that the group was started by Jović but they got out of his control. According to Šešelj, the White Eagles and Arkan's Tigers operated with help from the Yugoslav counterintelligence service.

War crimes

Paramilitary units are responsible for some of the most brutal aspects of "ethnic cleansing". Two of the units that have played a major role in the "ethnic cleansing" campaign in BiH, the "Cetniks" associated with Vojislav Šešelj and the "Tigers" associated with Željko Ražnatović (Arkan), have been active in the Republic of Serbia as well. Seselj's followers have reportedly waged "ethnic cleansing" campaigns against ethnic minorities in Serbia's provinces of Vojvodina and Kosovo.

Testimony at the International War Crimes Tribunal indicates that the White Eagles were responsible for a number of atrocities during the Croatian and Bosnian wars, including: the Voćin massacre, Višegrad massacre, crimes at Foča, Gacko and others. Various members of the White Eagles were indicted by the Tribunal. Mitar Vasiljević received a fifteen-year sentence. Former head, Milan Lukić, received a life sentence for his war crimes which include murdering men, women and children. It has been also reported that White Eagles managed a detention camp in Liješće, near Bosanski Brod.

Reappearance

In December 2010 a group called "White Eagles" (Serbian: Бели Орлови / Beli Orlovi) took responsibility for the killing of Kosovo's Bosniak leader Šefko Salković in the north of Kosovo. The group also took responsibility for obstructions of the election process in northern Kosovska Mitrovica, as well as for attacking KFOR troops.

References

External links

• "White Eagles - Serbian Radical Party (SRS)" Federation of American Scientists, 1998
• (22 November 1993) Vreme News Digest Agency No 113

1. The Man Who Could Not Remain Silent
2. White Eagle
3. Milan Lukić
4. Serbian eagle
5. Voćin massacre
6. Avenger
7. List of paramilitary organizations
8. Mitar Vasiljević
9. Dušan the Mighty (paramilitary)
10. Bijeljina massacre
11. List of convicted war criminals
12. List of Serbian paramilitary formations
13. Serbia in the Yugoslav Wars
14. Doboj
15. List of war crimes
16. Scorpions (paramilitary)
17. Kninjas
18. Doboj ethnic cleansing (1992)
19. Special Activities Center
20. Der Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten