The 93rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1973, to January 3, 1975, during the last 18 months of Richard Nixon's presidency, and the first 6 months of Gerald Ford's. This Congress was the first (and, to date, only) Congress with more than two Senate presidents (in this case, three). After the resignation of Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford was appointed under the authority of the newly ratified 25th Amendment. Ford became president the next year and Nelson Rockefeller was appointed in his place. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1970 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.
Major events
January 20, 1973: President Richard Nixon began his second term.
January 22, 1973: Supreme Court issued abortion decision, Roe v. Wade
January 27, 1973: Paris Peace Accords signed
October 10, 1973: Vice President Spiro Agnew resigned
October 20, 1973: Saturday Night Massacre
October 30, 1973: Impeachment proceedings against President Nixon initiated
December 6, 1973: Vice President Gerald Ford confirmed and inaugurated
August 9, 1974: President Richard Nixon resigned, Vice President Gerald Ford became president
November 5, 1974: United States midterm elections: Democrats increased their majorities in both houses
December 19, 1974: Vice President Nelson Rockefeller confirmed and inaugurated
First television broadcast from the Senate chamber, as Nelson Rockefeller was sworn into office
Major legislation
July 1, 1973: Case–Church Amendment, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–52, title I, 87 Stat. 130
August 13, 1973: Federal Aid Highway Act of 1973, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–87, title I, 87 Stat. 250
September 26, 1973: Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–112, 87 Stat. 355
October 1, 1973: Domestic Volunteer Services Act of 1973 (VISTA), Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–113, 87 Stat. 394
October 4, 1973: Oil Pollution Act of 1973, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–119, 87 Stat. 424-2
November 3, 1973: Amtrak Improvement Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–146, 87 Stat. 548
November 7, 1973: War Powers Resolution, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–148, 87 Stat. 555
December 28, 1973: Comprehensive Employment and Training Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–203
December 28, 1973: Endangered Species Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–205, 87 Stat. 884
December 29, 1973: Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–222
March 7, 1974: Water Resources Development Act of 1974, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–251, 88 Stat. 34
May 22, 1974: Disaster Relief Act of 1974, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–288, 88 Stat. 143
July 12, 1974: Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–344, 88 Stat. 297
July 25, 1974: Legal Services Corporation Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–355, 88 Stat. 378
August 21, 1974: Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–380, title V, §513, 88 Stat. 571
September 2, 1974: Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–406, 88 Stat. 829
September 7, 1974: Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–415, 88 Stat. 1109
October 15, 1974: Federal Election Campaign Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–443, 88 Stat. 1263
October 28, 1974: Equal Credit Opportunity Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–495, 88 Stat. 1521
October 29, 1974: Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–498, 88 Stat. 1535
November 26, 1974: National Mass Transportation Assistance Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–503, 88 Stat. 1565
December 3, 1974: Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–508, 88 Stat. 1578
December 16, 1974: Safe Drinking Water Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–523, 88 Stat. 1660
December 31, 1974: Privacy Act of 1974, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–579, 88 Stat. 1896
January 2, 1975: An Act to Establish Rules of Evidence for Certain Courts and Proceedings, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–595, 88 Stat. 1926
January 3, 1975: Trade Act of 1974, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–618, 88 Stat. 1978
January 3, 1975: Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–633, title I, 88 Stat. 2156
January 4, 1975: Magnuson–Moss Warranty Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–637, 88 Stat. 2183
January 4, 1975: Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–638, 88 Stat. 2203
January 4, 1975: National Health Planning and Resources Development Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–641, 88 Stat. 2225
Hearings
May 17, 1973: Watergate hearings began (Senate Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities)
May 9, 1974: Hearings on the impeachment of President Nixon began (House Judiciary Committee)
Party summary
Senate
House of Representatives
Leadership
Senate
President: Spiro Agnew (R) until October 10, 1973
Gerald Ford (R) December 6, 1973 – August 9, 1974
Nelson Rockefeller (R) from December 19, 1974
President pro tempore: James Eastland (D)
Permanent acting president pro tempore: Lee Metcalf (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
Majority Leader: Mike Mansfield
Majority Whip: Robert Byrd
Democratic Caucus Secretary: Frank Moss
Minority (Republican) leadership
Minority Leader: Hugh Scott
Minority Whip: Robert P. Griffin
Republican Conference Chairman: Norris Cotton
Republican Conference Secretary: Wallace F. Bennett
National Senatorial Committee Chair: Bill Brock
Policy Committee Chairman: John Tower
House of Representatives
Speaker: Carl Albert (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
Majority Leader: Tip O'Neill
Majority Whip: John J. McFall
Democratic Caucus Chairman: Olin E. Teague
Democratic Caucus Secretary: Leonor Sullivan
Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Wayne Hays
Minority (Republican) leadership
Minority Leader: Gerald Ford until December 6, 1973
John Jacob Rhodes from December 7, 1973
Minority Whip: Leslie C. Arends
Republican Conference Chairman: John B. Anderson
Republican Conference Vice-Chairman: Samuel L. Devine
Republican Conference Secretary: Jack Edwards
Policy Committee Chairman: Barber Conable
Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Robert H. Michel
Caucuses
Congressional Black Caucus
House Democratic Caucus
Senate Democratic Caucus
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.
Skip down to House of Representatives
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 means their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1976; Class 2 means their term began with this Congress, facing re-election in 1978; and Class 3 means their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1974.
House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
Changes in membership
Senate
House of Representatives
There were three deaths before this Congress began.
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
Senate
Aging (Special) (Chair: Frank Church)
Aeronautical and Space Sciences (Chair: Frank Moss; Ranking Member: Barry Goldwater)
Agriculture and Forestry (Chair: Herman Talmadge; Ranking Member: Carl T. Curtis)
Environment, Soil Conservation and Forestry (Chair: James Eastland; Ranking Member: Jesse Helms)
Agriculture Credit and Rural Electrification (Chair: George McGovern; Ranking Member: George D. Aiken)
Agricultural Production, Marketing and Stabilization of Prices (Chair: Walter "Dee" Huddleston; Ranking Member: Milton R. Young)
Agricultural Research and General Legislation (Chair: James Allen; Ranking Member: Bob Dole)
Rural Development (Chair: Dick Clark; Ranking Member: Carl T. Curtis)
Foreign Agricultural Policy (Chair: Hubert Humphrey; Ranking Member: Henry Bellmon)
Appropriations (Chair: John L. McClellan; Ranking Member: Milton Young)
Agriculture, Environmental and Consumer Protection (Chair: Gale W. McGee; Ranking Member: Hiram L. Fong)
Defense (Chair: John L. McClellan; Ranking Member: Milton R. Young)
Intelligence Operations (Chair: John L. McClellan; Ranking Member: Milton R. Young)
District of Columbia (Chair: Birch Bayh; Ranking Member: Charles Mathias)
Foreign Operations (Chair: Daniel Inouye; Ranking Member: Edward W. Brooke)
Housing and Urban Development, Space, Science and Veterans (Chair: William Proxmire; Ranking Member: Charles Mathias)
Interior (Chair: Alan Bible; Ranking Member: Ted Stevens)