List of U.S. states and territories by incarceration and correctional supervision rate


List of U.S. states and territories by incarceration and correctional supervision rate


This article has lists of U.S. states by adult incarceration and correctional supervision rates according to United States Department of Justice figures. The state incarceration numbers include sentenced and un-sentenced inmates in jails and state prisons, but not persons in federal prisons. They are listed separately. The state numbers also do not include youth held in juvenile detention. There is a separate table of incarceration numbers for U.S. territories.

Incarceration rates and counts by state

U.S. states by incarceration rate and count under state prison or local jail jurisdiction. Rates are for year-end 2018. The table below has all 50 states and the District of Columbia.

  • Notes:
  • Initial sort is descending order for rate per 100,000 of all ages.
  • Rates are per 100,000 of all ages. And per 100,000 adults.
  • Federal prison inmates are not included in state rates. The state and federal rows sort, but they come back to the top after further sorting.

Asterisk (*) indicates "Incarceration in STATE" or "Crime in STATE" links.

Incarceration by territory, and percent female

Asterisk (*) indicates "Incarceration in TERRITORY" or "Crime in TERRITORY" links.

Juvenile detention

Juvenile detention totals from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.

Comparison with other countries

On January 1, 2008 more than 1 in 100 adults in the United States were in prison or jail. Total US incarceration peaked in 2008. The US incarceration rate was the highest in the world in 2008. It is no longer the highest rate.

The United States has one of the highest rates of female incarceration. According to a November 2017 report by the World Prison Brief around 212,000 of the 714,000 female prisoners worldwide (women and girls) are incarcerated in the United States. In the United States in 2016, women made up 9.8% of the incarcerated population in adult prisons and jails.

Comparing English-speaking developed countries; the overall incarceration rate in the US was 531 per 100,000 population of all ages in 2021, the incarceration rate of Canada was 85 per 100,000 in 2020, England and Wales was 146 per 100,000 in 2023, and Australia was 158 per 100,000 in 2022. Comparing other developed countries, the rate of Spain was 122 per 100,000 in 2020, France was 90 per 100,000 in 2020, Germany was 69 per 100,000 in 2020, Norway was 49 per 100,000 in 2020, Netherlands was 63 per 100,000 in 2018, and Japan was 38 per 100,000 in 2019.

In addition, the United States has striking statistics when observing the racial dimension of mass incarceration. According to Michelle Alexander (in 2010 book), the United States "imprisons a larger percentage of its black population than South Africa did at the height of apartheid."

Correctional supervision by state

Chart below has numbers for people in adult facilities, and for people on probation and on parole. The incarceration numbers for the states in the chart below are for sentenced and unsentenced inmates in adult facilities in local jails and state prisons. Numbers for federal prisons are in the Federal line.

Asterisk (*) indicates "Incarceration in STATE" or "Crime in STATE" links.

Male and female incarceration and correctional supervision

In 2015 there were 1,942,500 male and 202,600 female inmates in prisons and jails. That is 10.4% female.

Note: The state, federal, and U.S. total rows sort, but they come back to the top after further sorting.
Asterisk (*) indicates "Incarceration in STATE" or "Crime in STATE" links.

State female incarceration rates compared to countries

Female incarceration rates by country and US state. Per 100,000 female population of all ages. Female incarceration rates if every US state were a country. Incarcerated females of all ages (where the data is available). From a 2018 report with latest available data. From the source report: "Figure 1. This graph shows the number of women in state prisons, local jails, and federal prisons from each U.S. state per 100,000 people in that state and the incarceration rate per 100,000 in all countries with at least a half million in total population."

See also

  • United States incarceration rate
  • Incarceration in the United States
  • Incarceration of women in the United States
  • Racial and ethnic demographics of the United States
  • Race and the War on Drugs
  • Youth incarceration in the United States
  • School-to-prison pipeline
  • List of U.S. states by homicide rate

References

External links

  • Punishment Beyond Prisons 2023: Incarceration and Supervision by State, Appendix. Prison Policy Initiative. 2021 data for state prisons. 2019 data for jails.
  • Appendix 1: State Data States of Incarceration: The Global Context 2021. Prison Policy Initiative. 2019 data for state prisons and jails.
  • Rate Per 100,000 and Rank by State of Crime and Imprisonment by US States 1978 - 2012
  • Crime, Punishment and Ratio of Crime to Punishment Per 100,000 and Rank by Year and between States

Text submitted to CC-BY-SA license. Source: List of U.S. states and territories by incarceration and correctional supervision rate by Wikipedia (Historical)



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