Kings of Israel and Judah


Kings of Israel and Judah


The article deals with the biblical and historical kings of the Land of Israel - Abimelech of Sichem, the three kings of the United Kingdom of Israel and those of its successor states, Israel and Judah, followed in the Second Temple period, part of classical antiquity, by the kingdoms ruled by the Hasmonean and Herodian dynasties.

The Hebrew Bible describes a succession of kings of a United Kingdom of Israel, and then of divided kingdoms, Israel and Judah.

In contemporary scholarship, the united monarchy is debated, due to a lack of archaeological evidence for it. It is generally accepted that a "House of David" existed, but some scholars believe that David could have only been the king or chieftain of Judah, which was likely small, and that the northern kingdom was a separate development. There are some dissenters to this view, including those who support the traditional narrative, and those support the united monarchy's existence but believe that the Bible contains theological exaggerations.

Overview tables

Kings and prophets

Diagrams, Saul to Zedekiah

Abimelech, son of Gideon

  • Abimelech – the son of Gideon, was the first man declared a king in the Land Israel; he ruled from Sichem over the territory of Manasseh.

House of Saul

According to the Bible, the Tribes of Israel lived as a confederation under ad hoc charismatic leaders called judges. In around 1020 BCE, under extreme threat from foreign peoples, the tribes united to form the first United Kingdom of Israel. Samuel anointed Saul from the Tribe of Benjamin as the first king.

  • Saul (1020–1000 BCE) or (1040-1000 BCE)
  • Ish-bosheth (Esbaal) (1000–991 BCE)

House of David: united monarchy

Separation into two kingdoms

After Rehoboam reigned three years, the United Kingdom of Israel was divided in two – the northern Kingdom of Israel under Jeroboam, with its capital, first in Shechem, then Penuel, Tirzah, and finally Samaria, and ruled by a series of dynasties beginning with Jeroboam; and the southern Kingdom of Judah with its capital still in Jerusalem and ruled by the House of David. Under Hezekiah's rule in the Kingdom of Judah, the Neo-Assyrian Empire conquered and destroyed the northern kingdom 722 BCE leaving only the southern kingdom of Judah.

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Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)

Kingdom of Judah

Hasmonean Dynasty

Herodian Dynasty

  • Herod the Great (r. 37–4 BCE)
  • Herod Agrippa (r. 41–44 CE)

Family Tree

See also

  • History of ancient Israel and Judah
  • List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel
  • Lists of ancient kings

References

External links

  • King at the Jewish Encyclopedia
  • Kings of the Jews at Project MUSE
  • Kings of the Jews: Israel, Judah, Hasmoneans & Herodians at The Algemeiner

Text submitted to CC-BY-SA license. Source: Kings of Israel and Judah by Wikipedia (Historical)



 


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