The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Madrid, Spain.
Prior to 17th century
Prehistory: Quaternary period or Lower Paleolithic- First archaeological signs of human occupation
Roman period: mansion or staging-post (Miacum) established
5th century AD – archaeological remains reported in 2007 indicate Visigoth occupation
9th century – Muhammad I of Córdoba ordered the construction of an Alcazar
1085 – Alfonso VI of León and Castile takes the city in the Reconquista.
1339 – Treaty of Madrid secures collaboration between Aragon and Castile
1499 –
Cardinal Cisneros founded the Complutense University.
Fernando de Rojas publishes La Celestina in Madrid
1500 - Printing press in operation.
1505 – San Jerónimo el Real built.
1526 – Treaty of Madrid signed.
1537 – Casa de Cisneros built.
1547 - Birth of Miguel de Cervantes, later a Spanish writer.
1559 – Convent of Las Descalzas Reales founded.
1561
Court of Philip II moves to Madrid.
Population: 20,000.
1562 - Anton van den Wyngaerde draws a Panorama of Madrid.
1584 – Bridge of Segovia built.
17th century
1601 – Court of Philip III moves from Madrid to Valladolid.
1605 - Cervantes' novel Don Quixote published.
1606 – Court of Philip III returns to Madrid.
1613 – Palace of the Councils built.
1616 – Real Monasterio de la Encarnación inaugurated.
1619 – Plaza Mayor laid out; Casa de la Panadería built.
1633 – Church of San Antonio de los Alemanes built.
1636 – Royal Alcazar built.
1637 – Buen Retiro Palace built.
1643 – Palacio de Santa Cruz built.
1644 - Funeral of Isabel de Borbón.
1661 – Gazeta de Madrid begins publication.
1664 – San Isidro Church built.
1672 – Premiere of Guevara–Hidalgo's zarzuela Celos Hacen Estrellas.
18th century
1706 – City occupied by Portuguese.
1713 – Royal Spanish Academy founded.
1714 – Real Biblioteca del Palacio formed.
1734 – Royal Alcazar burns down.
1737 – Real Colegio de Profesores Boticarios established.
1738 – Real Academia de la Historia founded.
1743 – Teatro de la Cruz renovated.
1751 – Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas headquartered in Madrid.
1752 – Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando founded.
1755 – Real Jardín Botánico founded.
1756 – Puerta de Recoletos built.
1766 – Esquilache Riots.
1767 – Buen Retiro Park opens.
1774 – Casa de Fieras del Retiro (zoo) opens.
1778 – Puerta de Alcalá inaugurated.
1782 – Cibeles Fountain built on Plaza de Cibeles.
1784 – San Francisco el Grande Basilica built.
1790 – Plaza Mayor reconstructed.
1798 – Royal Chapel of St. Anthony of La Florida built. Population: 170,000
19th century
1808 – Dos de Mayo Uprising.
1812 – Wellington takes city from the French.
1817 – Moncloa Porcelain Factory in operation.
1819 – Museo del Prado established.
1830
Royal Conservatory of Music founded.
León Gil de Palacio creates a scale model of the city.
1831 – Bolsa de Madrid founded.
1832 - Lhardy patisserie in business.
1835 – Ateneo de Madrid founded.
1836
Biblioteca Nacional established.
Literary University relocates to Madrid.
1840 – Monumento a los Caidos por España inaugurated.
1843 – Museo Naval de Madrid inaugurated.
1850 – Teatro Real opera house opens.
1851 – Estación de Mediodía inaugurated.
1856
Teatro de la Zarzuela opens.
Escuela Superior de Diplomática (school) founded.
1864 – Hotel Paris opens.
1866 – Sociedad de Conciertos de Madrid founded.
1867 – National Archaeological Museum of Spain established.
1868 – City walls dismantled.
1869 - Jardín Zoológico established.
1874 – Bull ring constructed on Plaza de Toros.
1875 – Museo Nacional de Antropología inaugurated.
1877 – Population: 397,816.
1884 – Cementerio de la Almudena established.
1885
Roman Catholic diocese of Madrid established.
Theatre of María Guerrero built.
1887
Café Comercial in business.
Palacio de Cristal built.
Population: 472,228.
1888 – Café Gijón opens.
1891 - Bank of Spain Building completed.
1892 – Historical American Exposition held.
1893 – Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre formed.
1900 – Population: 539,835.
20th century
1902 – Real Madrid C.F. (football club) founded.
1903 – Madrid Symphony Orchestra formed.
1905 – Parque del Oeste inaugurated.
1909 – Cibeles Palace built.
1910
Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales established.
Residencia de Estudiantes founded.
1911
Cuatro Vientos Airport opens.
Metropolis Building inaugurated.
1912 – Hotel Palace opens.
1916 – Market of San Miguel constructed.
1919 – Metro begins operating.
1920 - Population: 750,896.
1922 – Monument to Alfonso XII inaugurated.
1923 – Teatro Monumental (theatre) built.
1924
Line 2 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
Hotel Florida opens.
National Museum of Romanticism inaugurated.
1925 – Teatro Pavón (theatre) opens.
1928 - Catholic Opus Dei founded.
1929
Gran Vía constructed.
Cine Avenida opens.
1930
Teatro Munoz Seca (theatre) opens.
Cine Barceló built.
1931
City designated capital of Spanish Republic.
Airport begins operating.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (Spain) headquartered in Madrid.
1932 – Museo Sorolla and Cine Proyecciones (cinema) inaugurated.
1934 – Museum of the Spanish Village formed.
1935 – House-Museum of Lope de Vega and Cine Madrid-Paris (cinema) open.
1936
November: Siege of Madrid begins.
Line 3 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
1939
March: Siege of Madrid ends; Nationalists in power.
Capital of Spanish State relocated to Madrid from Burgos.
1940
Spanish National Orchestra founded.
Population: 1,088,647.
1941 – Museum of the Americas founded.
1944
Carabanchel Prison built.
Museum Cerralbo opens.
Line 4 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
1946 – Estadio Santiago Bernabéu opens.
1949 - Cine Pompeya (cinema) opens.
1950 – Lope de Vega Theater opens.
1951 – Museum of Lázaro Galdiano opens.
1954 - Cine Benlliure (cinema) opens.
1956 - Real Madrid wins first European Cup.
1960 - Population: 2,259,931.
1965 – RTVE Symphony Orchestra formed.
1966 – Estadio Vicente Calderón opens.
1967 – City flag design adopted.
1968
Autonomous University of Madrid established.
Line 5 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
1969 – Comillas Pontifical University relocates to Madrid.
1970 - Population: 3,146,071.
1971 – Technical University of Madrid formed.
1972
Zoo Aquarium built.
Temple of Debod installed.
1973 – Operación Ogro.
1974 - Line 7 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
1975 – La Movida Madrileña.
1976 – Torres de Colón built.
1977 – Massacre of Atocha.
1978
Sabatini Gardens open.
Centro Dramático Nacional created.
1979
Line 6 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
Windsor Tower built.
1980 - Line 9 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
1981 – Museo de Aeronáutica y Astronáutica founded.
1982 – City hosts 1982 FIFA World Cup.
1983
Almudena Cathedral consecrated.
November: Avianca Flight 011 accident.
December: Alcalá 20 nightclub fire.
1984 – Queen Sofía Chamber Orchestra formed.
1987 – Community of Madrid Orchestra founded.
1988 – National Auditorium of Music inaugurated.
1989 – El Mundo begins publication.
1990 - Editorial Verbum in business.
1991
City hosts Israeli–Palestinian peace conference.
Population: 2,984,576.
1992
Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line and Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum open.
Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía and Juan Carlos I Park established.
1994 – Festimad music festival begins.
1996 – Gate of Europe and Islamic Cultural Center of Madrid built.
1997 – Teatro Real reopens.
1998 - Line 8 (Madrid Metro) and Line 11 (Madrid Metro) begin operating.
21st century
2001 - City named World Book Capital by UNESCO.
2002 – Madrid Arena opens.
2003
Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón becomes the new mayor, succeeding José María Álvarez del Manzano.
Manzanares Park inaugurated.
Line 12 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
2004
March: Train bombings.
Museo del Traje established.
2005
Windsor Tower suffers a major fire and becomes demolished afterwards.
June: Demonstration against ETA.
Madrid–Toledo high-speed rail line begins operating.
Forest of Remembrance dedicated.
Madrid Ballet established.
2006
Art Madrid contemporary art fair begins.
Teatro Valle-Inclán opens.
December: Airport bombing.
2007 – Metro Ligero begins operating.
2008
Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line begins operating.
Spanair Flight 5022 crash.
Caixa Forum opens.
Torre PwC, Torre Caja Madrid, Torre de Cristal, and Torre Espacio built.
Saturday Night Fiber music festival held.
2009 – Population: 3,264,497.
2011
15-M Movement protests.
Parque Madrid Río inaugurated.
Ana Botella becomes the new City Mayor after Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón resigns.
2012
May: Economic protest.
November: Anti-austerity protests.
2013 – September: 4th bid for the Summer Olympic Games fails.
2015
March: Parque Felipe VI inaugurated.
May: City Council election held; Manuela Carmena elected mayor.
2019
June: José Luis Martínez-Almeida elected mayor.
2021
January: Snowstorm
January: Explosion
Evolution of the Madrid map
17th century
18th century
19th century
20th century
21st century
See also
List of mayors of Madrid
History of Madrid
Madrid capital
References
Bibliography
in English
Published in the 18th-19th century
Thomas Nugent (1749), "Madrid", The Grand Tour, vol. 4, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762580
Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Madrid", New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven, Connecticut: S. Converse
David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Madrid". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
"Madrid", Cabinet Cyclopædia, vol. VII: Cities and Principal Towns of the World, London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, & Green, 1830, OCLC 2665202
Arthur de Capell Brooke (1831), "Madrid", Sketches in Spain and Morocco, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, OCLC 13783280
Richard Ford (1855), "Madrid", A Handbook for Travellers in Spain (3rd ed.), London: John Murray, OCLC 2145740
Samuel Sullivan Cox (1870), "Madrid", Search for Winter Sunbeams in the Riviera, Corsica, Algiers and Spain, New York: D. Appleton & Company, OCLC 1022285
John Lomas, ed. (1889), "Madrid", O'Shea's Guide to Spain and Portugal (8th ed.), Edinburgh: Adam & Charles Black
Published in the 20th century
"Madrid", Spain and Portugal: Handbook for Travellers (3rd ed.), Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1908, OCLC 1581249
Albert Frederick Calvert (1909), Madrid, London: J. Lane, OCLC 1598573, OL 7014970M
Herbermann, Charles George (1910). "Madrid-Alcala". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Nathaniel Newnham Davis (1911), "Madrid", Gourmet's Guide to Europe (3rd ed.), London: Grant Richards
Francis Whiting Halsey, ed. (1914). "Madrid". Spain and Portugal. Seeing Europe with Famous Authors. Vol. 9. Funk & Wagnalls Company. hdl:2027/nyp.33433006214559 – via Hathi Trust.
Beatrice Erskine (1922), Madrid: Past and Present, London: John Lane, OL 7028442M
Trudy Ring, ed. (1996). "Madrid". Southern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Vol. 3. Fitzroy Dearborn. OCLC 31045650.
Michael Ugarte (1996), Madrid 1900, USA: Pennsylvania State University Press, ISBN 0271015594
Published in the 21st century
J. Maldonado (2005). "Madrid". In Anton Kreukels; et al. (eds.). Metropolitan Governance and Spatial Planning: Comparative Case Studies of European City-Regions. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-49606-8.
David Gilmour (2012). "Madrid". Cities of Spain. Random House. ISBN 978-1-4481-3833-3.
in other languages
"Madrid". Castilla la Nueva. Recuerdos y bellezas de España (in Spanish). Vol. 1. 1853. hdl:2027/ucm.5325879622.
Eusebio Blasco (1873), Madrid por dentro y por fuera: Guia de forasteros incautos [Madrid inside and out: stranger's guide] (in Spanish), Julian Peña, OCLC 34689580, OL 23446308M
Madame d'Aulnoy (1874), Mme B. Carey (ed.), La cour et la ville de Madrid vers la fin du XVIIe siècle [The court and the city of Madrid in the late seventeenth century] (in French), Paris: E. Plon et cie, OL 24403114M
Timoteo Domingo Palacio, ed. (1888), Documentos del Archivo General de la villa de Madrid [Documents from the Archives of the City of Madrid] (in Spanish), Madrid: Impr. y Lit. Municipal v.4
"Madrid". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1908.
External links
Nicolas de Fer (1702). "Madrid, ville considérable de la nouvelle Castille, séjour ordinaire des Roys d'Espagne". (Map of Madrid)
Map of Madrid, 1943
Europeana. Items related to Madrid, various dates.
Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Madrid, various dates