List of current heads of state and government

This is a list of current heads of state and heads of government. In some cases, mainly in presidential systems, there is only one leader being both head of state and head of government. In other cases, mainly in semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of state and the head of government are different people. In semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of government role (i.e. executive branch) is fulfilled by both the listed head of government and the head of state. In single-party systems, the ruling party's leader (i.e. General Secretary) is usually the de facto top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds the presidency or premiership. In some countries like Andorra and Vatican City (Holy See), a clergy member also acts as the head of state for both countries (Bishop of Urgell as Co-Prince of Andorra and the Pope) and head of government for the latter (President of the Governorate of Vatican City State).

The list includes the names of recently elected or appointed heads of state and government who will take office on an appointed date, as presidents-elect and prime ministers-designate, and those leading a government in exile if internationally recognised.

Member and observer states of the United Nations

Note: Names in small font generally denote acting, interim, transitional, temporary leaders, or representatives. Other notes and exceptions are provided at § Notes.

Other states

The following states are in free association with another UN member state.

The following states control at least part of their territory and are recognised by at least one UN member state.

The following states control their territory, but are not recognised by any UN member states.

Other governments

These alternative governments control part of their territory and are recognised as legitimate by at least one UN member state.

These alternative governments control part of their territory, but are not recognized as legitimate by any UN member states.

These alternative governments do not control their territory but are recognized as legitimate by at least one UN member state.

Sui generis entities

See also

Notes

References

External links

• CIDOB Foundation (in Spanish)—contextualised biographies of world political leaders
• EmilePhaneuf—an archived, partial list of official websites for heads of state
• Portale Storia (in Italian)—a list of current rulers by country
• Rulers—a list of rulers throughout time and places
• United Nations—a list of heads of state, heads of government, and foreign ministers

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