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List of political parties in Spain

This article serves as a list of the political parties in Spain.

Spain has a multi-party system at both the national and regional level, the major parties nationwide being the People's Party (PP), the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), Vox (VOX) and Sumar (SMR).

Spain was formerly considered to have a two-party system dominated by the PSOE and the PP; however, the current makeup has no formation or coalition with enough seats to claim a parliamentary majority in the bicameral Cortes Generales (consisting of both the national Congress of Deputies and regional representation in the Senate). Regional parties can be strong in autonomous communities, notably Catalonia and the Basque Country, and are often essential for national government coalitions.

National political formations of Spain

People's Party (Partido Popular, PP) — mainstream centre-right party, that is conservative, Catholic and economically liberal and which conforms the largest group in Congress and Senate and leads the parliamentary opposition. The People's Party originates from the People's Alliance (Alianza Popular, AP) refoundation in 1989. The party has governed from 1996 to 2004 and from 2011 to 2018.
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español, PSOE) — mainstream centre-left social democratic party linked to General Union of Workers (Unión General de Trabajadores, UGT) trade union. The Socialists' Party of Catalonia (Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya, PSC) acts as the party's instance in Catalonia. The party has governed from 1982 to 1996, from 2004 to 2011 and since 2018.
Vox — a right-wing to far-right party that split from the People's Party in 2014; their main ideologies are social and national conservatism, economic liberalism and centralism (i.e. strong opposition to Spain's peripheral nationalisms). Vox opposes LGBT movements in Spain while endorsing anti-LGBT rhetoric abroad, rejects european federalism and defends narrowing the naturalisation of immigrant individuals of Maghrebi origin. It has allied to other right-wing to far-right political parties from Latin America, Italian Brothers of Italy and Hungarian Fidesz.
Sumar — a left-wing and progressive electoral platform established in 2022, constituted as an instrumental political party. It conforms an alliance of left-wing formations, some of them formerly comprising the Unidas Podemos and Más País political alliances, including nationwide United Left, Más Madrid, Greens Equo and regional Compromís, Chunta and Batzarre, among others. Like preceding Unidas Podemos, Sumar forms a coalition with governing PSOE.
We can (Podemos), a left-wing political party founded in 2014 in the aftermath of the 15-M Movement. It was in government as junior partner of the PSOE from 2020 to 2023, within the alliance Unidas Podemos.
Citizens (Ciudadanos, Cs) — a centre-right liberal and Spanish nationalist party. It supports a high degree of political decentralization, but it rejects autonomous communities' right to self-determination. Once the third-largest force in Congress, its popular support sharply declined in the November 2019 general election. The party has established an electoral alliance with PP in the Basque Country. It didn't contest the latest general elections.

Political parties with parliamentary representation

Represented in Cortes Generales

Represented in regional parliaments

Political parties without representation

Animalist Party with the Environment (Partido Animalista Con el Medio Ambiente, PACMA) (2003–present)
Falange Española de las JONS (1976–present)
Libertarian Party (Partido Libertario) (2009–present)
Escaños en Blanco [es] (2010–present)
For a Fairer World (Por un Mundo Más Justo, PM+J) (2004–present)
Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) (2014–present)
The Greens–Green Group (Los Verdes–Grupo Verde) (1994–present)
Humanist Party (Partido Humanista) (1984–present)
Carlist Party (Partido Carlista) (1970–present)
Comunión Tradicionalista Carlista [es] (1986–present)
Pirate Party (Partido Pirata) (2006–present)
Internet Party (Partido de Internet) (2009–present)
Authentic Phalanx (Falange Auténtica) (2002–present)
Confederation of the Greens (Confederación de los Verdes) (1984–present)
Anticapitalists (Anticapitalistas) (1995–present)
Overwhelmed and Annoyed Citizens
Citizens for Blank Votes (Ciudadanos en Blanco) (2002–2022)
Cannabis Party (Partido Cannabis por la Legalización y la Normalización) (2003–present)
Party of the Democratic Karma (Partido del Karma Democrático) (2000–present)
Alianza para el Desarrollo y la Naturaleza
Iniciativa Socialista de Izquierdas
Los Parados
The Eco-pacifist Greens (Los Verdes Ecopacifistas) (1988–present)
Nueva Izquierda Verde
Nuevo Partido por la Democracia
Partido Familia y Vida
Actúa (2017–present)
Partido de los Autónomos Jubilados y Viudas
Republican Alternative (Alternativa Republicana) (2013–present)
Partido Ibérico
Partido Mutuo Apoyo Romántico
Solidaridad y Autogestión Internacionalista (SAIn)
Foro Centro y Democracia (CYD)
National Bolshevik Party (Partido Nacional Bolquevique)
Muerte al Sistema (+MAS+)
SOMOS España
Volt Spain (2018–present)
Workers' Front

Communist parties

Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) (1973–present)
Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) (1973–present)
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) (1984–present)
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist-Leninist) (2006–present)
Revolutionary Left (2017–present)
Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) (2019–present)
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) (1980–present)
Internationalist Struggle (LI) (1999–present)
Marxist–Leninist Party (Communist Reconstruction) (PML(RC)) (2014–present)

Nationalist parties

National Democracy (1995–present)
España 2000 (2002–present)
Spanish Alternative (2003–present)
National Alliance (2006–present)
Party for Freedom (2013–present)

Regionalist parties

Andalusia

Partido Regionalista por Andalucía Oriental (PRAO) [es]

Asturias

Partíu Asturianista (1985–present)
Andecha Astur (1990–present)
Asturian Left (1992–present)
Unidad Regionalista Asturiana
Bloc for Asturias (2003–present)
Coalición Asturiana
Unidá (2007–present)

Basque Country

Zutik
Zornotza Eginez (local)

Cantabria

Cantabrian Nationalist Council (1995–present)

Castile and León

Partido de El Bierzo (1979–present)
Partido Regionalista del País Leonés (1980–present)
Unidad Regionalista de Castilla y León (1992–present)
Izquierda Castellana (2002–present)
Agrupación de Electores Independientes Zamoranos
Partido de Castilla y León (PCAL) [es]

Catalonia

Estat Català (1922–present)
Pirate Party of Catalonia (2010–present)
National Front of Catalonia (2013–present)

Extremadura

United Extremadura (1980–present)

Galicia

Galician People's Front (1986–present)
Land Party (Partido da Terra) (2011–present)

Madrid

The Greens of the Community of Madrid (1995–present)

Navarre

Batzarre (1987–present)

Defunct parties

Defunct major parties

People's Socialist Party (1968–1978)
National Union (1979–1982)
People's Alliance, refounded as People's Party (1976–1989)
- Liberal Party, absorbed into the People's Party (1976–1989)
- People's Democratic Party, absorbed into the People's Party (1982–1989)
Union of the Democratic Centre (1977–1983), refounded as Democratic and Social Centre (1982–2006) (merged into PP)
Euskadiko Ezkerra, absorbed into Socialist Party of the Basque Country (1977–1993)
Majorca Socialist Party, absorbed into PSM–Nationalist Agreement
Democratic Reformist Party (1983–1986)
Valencian Union (1982–2014)
Andalusian Party (1965–2015)
Herri Batasuna (1978–2001), refounded as Batasuna (2001–2013), the political branch of ETA, illegal
- Euskal Herritarrok (1998–2003), banned
Communist Party of the Basque Homelands (2002–2008), outlawed
Convergence and Union (1978–2015)
Aralar (2000–2017)
Nafarroa Bai (2004–2015)
Amaiur (2011–2015)
Platform for Catalonia (2002–2019) (merged into Vox)
Union, Progress and Democracy (2007–2020), a progressive party which ideologically combined social liberalism with centralism from the radical centre of political spectrum. It strongly supported the unity of Spain, thereby being an enemy of Spain's peripheral nationalism.

Defunct minor parties

National Alliance July 18 (1977)
Spanish Solidarity (1982–1984)
Republican Social Movement (1999–2018)
Basque Nationalist Action (1930-2008), outlawed
Askatasuna (1998–2009), banned
Herritarren Zerrenda (2004), banned
Demokrazia Hiru Milioi (2009), outlawed
Partido Galeguista (1977–1984)
Galician Coalition (1983–2012)
Commoners' Land (1988–2009)
Alianza por la Unidad Nacional (1995–2005) (Merged into National Alliance)
Spanish Democratic Party (1996–2008)
Nós–Unidade Popular (2001–2015)
Cantabrian Unity (2002–2011)
Union of the Salamancan People (2002–2014)
Another Democracy is Possible (2003–2006)
National Front (2006–2011)
Unión Centrista Liberal (1978–2014)

Historical parties

Reign of Isabella II

Moderate Party (1834–1874)
Progressive Party (1834–1874)
Democratic Party (1849–1869)
Liberal Union (1858–1874)

Sexenio Democrático

Moderate Party (1834–1874)
Progressive Party (1834–1874)
Democratic Party (1849–1869)
Liberal Union (1858–1874)
Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
Radical Democratic Party (1871–1880)
Federal Democratic Republican Party (1868–1912)
Constitutional Party (1872–1880)

Bourbon restoration

Conservative Party (1876–1931)
Liberal Party (1880–1931)
Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
Regionalist League of Catalonia (1901–1936)
Republican Nationalist Federal Union (1910–1917)
Republican–Socialist Conjunction (1909–1919)
Maurist Party (1913–1930)
Reformist Party (1912–1924)
Radical Republican Party (1908–1936)
Spanish Patriotic Union (1924–1930)

Second Spanish Republic

National Front
- Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas (1933–1937)
  - Popular Action (1930–1933)
- Spanish Agrarian Party (1934–1936)
- Spanish Nationalist Party (1930–1936)
- Spanish Renovation (1933–1937)
- Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
Popular Front
- Republican Left (1934–1959)
- Republican Union (1934–1958)
- Syndicalist Party (1934–1976)
- Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (1935–1980)
Radical Republican Party (1908–1936)
Falange Española de las JONS (1934–1937)
- Falange Española (1933–1934)
- Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista (1931–1934)
Regionalist League of Catalonia (1901–1936)
Radical Socialist Republican Party (1929–1934)
Liberal Republican Right (1930–1936)
Republican Action (1925–1934)
Conservative Republican Party (1932–1936)
Party of the Democratic Centre (1936–1939)

Francoist Spain

During the period of the Francoist Regime from 1939 to 1977, Spain was a One-party state. That means that only one political party, the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FET y de las JONS), was legally allowed to hold power.

Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (1937–1977)
- Falange Española de las JONS (1934–1937)
- Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)

References

Text submitted to CC-BY-SA license. Source: List of political parties in Spain by Wikipedia (Historical)

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