List of sports team names and mascots derived from indigenous peoples
The practice of deriving sports team names, imagery, and mascots from Indigenous peoples of North America is a significant phenomenon in the United States and Canada. The popularity of stereotypical representations of American Indians in global culture has led to a number of teams in Europe also adopting team names derived from Native Americans. While there are team names in North America derived from other ethnic groups, such as the Boston Celtics, the New York Yankees, the Montreal Canadiens, and the Notre Dame Fighting Irish, these are names selected by groups to represent themselves.
Globally, there are teams in Africa and Europe that use Native American images and logos, while in South America there are a number of teams that reference the Guaraní people. In Brazil, these teams may be referred to using the derogatory term bugre. However, the adoption of Indigenous names in Asia, Africa, Australia and South America may indicate that the team members are themselves Indigenous.
The rise of Indigenous rights movements has led to controversy regarding the continuation of practices rooted in colonialism. Such practices maintain the power relationship between the dominant culture and the Indigenous culture, and can be seen as a form of cultural imperialism. Such practices are seen as particularly harmful in schools and universities, which have the stated purpose of promoting ethnic diversity and inclusion. In recognition of the responsibility of higher education to eliminate behaviors that creates a hostile environment for education, in 2005 the NCAA initiated a policy against "hostile and abusive" names and mascots that led to the change of many derived from Native American culture, with the exception of those that established an agreement with particular tribes for the use of their specific names. Other schools retain their names because they were founded for the education of Native Americans, and continue to have a significant number of Indigenous students.
The trend towards the elimination of Indigenous names and mascots in local schools has been steady, with two thirds having been eliminated over the past 50 years according to the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI). In a few states with significant Native American populations, change has been mandated by law, such in Maine, Wisconsin, Oregon, and Washington.
Little League International has updated its 2019 rulebook to include a statement prohibiting "the use of team names, mascots, nicknames or logos that are racially insensitive, derogatory or discriminatory in nature." This decision has been applauded by the National Congress of American Indians.
Professional/Adult teams
Current usage
American football
Bristol Aztecs (British American Football League) - Bristol, England
Bürstadt Redskins, an American Football club in Bürstadt, Germany
Eberswalder Warriors, an American Football club in Eberswalde, Germany
Garland Aztecs, Garland, Texas - Semi-Pro
Mayas CDMX (Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional) - Mexico City, Mexico
Mexicas CDMX (Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional) - Mexico City, Mexico
Kansas City Chiefs (NFL) - While adopting Native American imagery, the team was named in honor of Kansas City mayor Harold Roe Bartle who was instrumental in bringing the AFL Dallas Texans to Kansas City in 1963 (becoming the last professional team to adopt an Indigenous-derived name). Bartle earned his nickname as founder of the Tribe of Mic-O-Say, a regional Boy Scouts honor camping society in which he was "Chief" Lone Bear. In 1989, the Chiefs switched from Warpaint, a Pinto horse ridden by a man in a feathered headdress, to their current mascot K. C. Wolf. Warpaint returned in 2009, but is ridden by a cheerleader.
Southern California Apaches - (Semi-Pro, United Football Alliance League)
Florida State Seminoles (American College Football) NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC)
Utah Utes (American College Football) NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the South Division of the Pac-12 Conference (Pac-12)
American 7s Football League
New Jersey Savage
Spanktown Boyz - Uses a Native American wielding a tomahawk as its logo
Union City Chiefs
Association football
Belgium
K.A.A. Gent (Belgian First Division A), Ghent, East Flanders - Known as the Buffaloes, the team uses an Indian head logo and a mascot in faux Native costume.
Brazil
Guarani Esporte Clube (CE), Juazeiro do Norte
Guarani Esporte Clube (MG), Divinópolis
Guarani Futebol Clube, Campinas
Guarany Futebol Clube, Bagé
Guarany Futebol Clube (Camaquã)
Guarany Sporting Club, Sobral
Associação Atlética Guarany, Porto da Folha
Esporte Clube Guarani, Venâncio Aires
Sociedade Esportiva, Recreativa e Cultural Guarani, Palhoça
Sport Club Guarany, Cruz Alta
Tupi Football Club, Juiz de Fora
Tupynambás Futebol Clube, Juiz de Fora
Chile
Colo-Colo, Santiago de Chile. Name relates to the Mapuche
Lautaro, Buin. Also called Guerreros de Buín (Warriors Buín)
Ecuador
Sociedad Deportiva Aucas, Quito - Auca (Quechuan for savage) is pejorative name for the Huaorani people
Paraguay
Club Guaraní, Asunción
South Africa
Kaizer Chiefs F.C., Johannesburg
Australian rules football
All of these teams are composed of Indigenous Australians.
Flying Boomerangs (Australia), in reference to the boomerang, an Indigenous Australian hunting tool and instrument.
Indigenous All Stars (Australia), formerly known Aboriginal All-Stars
Baseball
Gauting Indians, a baseball and softball club from Gauting, a suburb of Munich, Germany. The women's team is the "Squaws".
Indios del Bóer ("Indians of the Boer"), Managua, Nicaragua. They are known as la tribu, "the tribe".
Major league
Atlanta Braves (Atlanta, Georgia) - originally Boston Braves, then Milwaukee Braves. The mascot Chief Noc-A-Homa existed until the 1983 season. Princess Win-A-Lotta was introduced in the late 1970s, dropped at same time as Noc-A-Homa. In 1991, the Braves adopted the Tomahawk Chop from Florida State University when Deion Sanders joined the team.
Caribes de Anzoátegui (Puerto la Cruz, Venezuela) - While Caribe is another name for the Kalina people, it is also a local term for piranhas, particularly in Venezuela. The team has no apparent use of Indigenous imagery.
Indios de Mayagüez - (Indians of Mayaguez) Puerto Rican Baseball team from Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Mayos de Navojoa (Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico) - The Mayo people are Indigenous to Sonora
Yaquis de Obregón (Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico) - The Yaqui are Indigenous to Sonora
Minor league
A Minor league team in Innisfail, Alberta, the "Indians", has made a decision to become the "Trappers".
Affiliates of the Atlanta Braves:
Gulf Coast League Braves (North Port, Florida)
Mississippi Braves (Pearl, Mississippi)
Affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates:
Indianapolis Indians (Indianapolis, Indiana) - Team announced partnership with Miami Tribe to keep mascot.
Affiliate of the Colorado Rockies:
Spokane Indians (Spokane, Washington)
Basketball
All three existing National Basketball Association teams that previously used Indigenous imagery have stopped doing so. (See Prior usage list below).
Bendigo Braves (Bendigo, Victoria) play in the South East Australian Basketball League
Guaiqueríes de Margarita, (LPB) - named after an Indigenous people of Northern Venezuela also known as the Waikerí.
Indios de Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, (Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional)
Indios de Mayagüez, (Puerto Rico Superior Basketball League)
Quilmes de Mar del Plata, Argentina, (LLA) - named after the Quilmes, an Indigenous people of Northern Argentina.
Ice hockey
Chelmsford Chieftains (NIHL), Chelmsford, Essex, United Kingdom
Chicago Blackhawks (NHL)
Chilliwack Chiefs (BCHL) - While retaining their name, the team retired their mascot "Chief Wannawin". The chief of a local First Nation applauded the move but was disappointed the mascot was part of the team for 20 years.
Hannover Indians (German Oberliga)
Malmö Redhawks (Swedish Hockey League)
Memmingen Indians (German Oberliga)
HC Škoda Plzeň, Czech Republic (Czech Extraliga) uses a Native American logo.
Seattle Thunderbirds (WHL)
Shawinigan Cataractes (QMJHL)
Spokane Chiefs (WHL)
Whitley Warriors (NIHL), Whitley Bay, United Kingdom.
Indoor soccer
Chihuahua Savage (MASL)
Lacrosse
Alberta Lacrosse Association
Rocky Mountain Lacrosse League
Junior B Lacrosse
Edmonton Warriors - Indian head logo
Ontario Lacrosse Association
Major Series Lacrosse:
Six Nations Chiefs, Six Nations of the Grand River
Senior B Lacrosse
Six Nations Rivermen - Logo is an Indian paddling a canoe
Junior A Lacrosse
Burlington Chiefs, Burlington, Ontario
Mississauga Tomahawks
Junior B Lacrosse
Elora Mohawks, Elora, Ontario
Quebec Senior Lacrosse
Kahnawake Mohawks - Cartoon Indian head logo
Kahnawake Tomahawks - Indian head logo
West Coast Senior Lacrosse Association (WSCLA), British Columbia - The Association logo features an "Indian Head"
Coquitlam Adanacs - Although "adanac" is Canada spelled backward, their logo features a First Nations woman.
Langley Warriors
North Shore Indians
Rugby union
The Chiefs, formerly the Waikato Chiefs (North Island of New Zealand) - a rugby union side in the Super Rugby competition. Their logo is a male figure holding a Māori club.
Griquas, South African team named after the Griqua people, however their symbol is an oryx.
Māori All Blacks, previously the New Zealand Māori, a rugby union side whose members must be at least 1/16 Māori
Northland Taniwha, a rugby team in the Mitre 10 Cup named after a being from Māori mythology
Rugby league
Indigenous All Stars a.k.a. Indigenous All Stars or Indigenous Dreamtime. Dreamtime is an Indigenous Australian religious/mythological term.
New Zealand Māori rugby league team
The New Zealand Warriors, (Auckland, New Zealand), plays in the Australian NRL competition. The team logo indicates the "Warrior" is an Indigenous reference.
Other
Indianerna (the Indians) are a Swedish motorcycle speedway team based in Kumla, Sweden at (Elitserien)
Prior pro usage
Many professional teams changed because they moved to another city, or went out of business ("Defunct" in table below).
Colleges and universities
Secondary schools
Non-scholastic youth teams
Baseball
American Indian Little League, Palmdale, California
Dornbirn Indians, Redskins, and "Little Indians", a youth baseball club in Austria.
Skokie Indians, Skokie, Illinois
Whalley Chiefs, Surrey, British Columbia (British Columbia Premier Baseball League)
Association football
Raynes Park Little League, Kensington, England - Redskins
Kanawha Youth Football Redskins, Richmond, Virginia
Lancaster Junior Redskins, Lancaster, New York
Loudon Redskins Youth Football, Loudon, Tennessee
Patterson Redskins Youth Football & Cheer, Patterson, California
Rochester Redskins Youth Football & Cheer, Rochester, Michigan
Sarasota Ringling Redskins, Sarasota, Florida
South Cherokee Football and Cheer "Redskins", Woodstock, Georgia
Southwest Redskins, Houston, Texas
Sterling Heights Redskins, Sterling Heights, Michigan
Vienna Youth Inc. Football Chiefs, Vienna, Virginia
Washington Redskins Midget Football, Washington, New Jersey
Whittier Redskins, Whittier, California
Woonsocket Redskins Youth Football and Cheerleading, Woonsocket, Rhode Island
Ice Hockey
Chilliwack Chiefs, Chilliwack, British Columbia (British Columbia Hockey League)
Copper Cliff Redmen, Copper Cliff, Ontario Team name has changed to the 'Reds' July 2019 CBC article
Johnstown Tomahawks, Johnstown, Pennsylvania (North American Hockey League)
Onion Lake Border Chiefs, Onion Lake Cree Nation
Saddle Lake Warriors, Saddle Lake, Alberta
Tavistock Braves, Tavistock, Ontario
Lacrosse
Akwesasne Indians, Akwesasne, a Mohawk Nation that intersects the United States and Canada
Elora Mohawks, Elora, Ontario
Kitchener-Waterloo Braves, Kitchener, Ontario
Kahnawake Hunters, Kahnawake, Quebec
Mississauga Tomahawks, Mississauga, Ontario
Six Nations Arrows, Hagersville, Ontario
Six Nations Rebels, Hagersville, Ontario
Six Nations Warriors, Hagersville, Ontario
Tomahawks, Palo Alto, California
Whitby Warriors, Whitby, Ontario
Wrestling
Little Redskins, Illinois Kids Wrestling Federation (IKWF) sanctioned club (K-8th grade) in Morris, Illinois – Uses a version of the DC team logo
See also
Native American mascot controversy
List of company and product names derived from Indigenous peoples
List of contemporary ethnic groups
List of Indigenous peoples
External links
Sources of data on teams/mascots
MaxPreps is a site for U.S. High School sports information, and can be searched by mascot name as well as school name, but the data is not kept up to date so it is only a starting place.
MascotDB is a searchable database of mascots from Pro to High School.