Black Europeans


Black Europeans


Black Europeans, or sometimes Afro-Europeans or Afropeans, refers to Europeans of the African diaspora.

European Union

In the European Union (EU) as of 2019, there is a record of approximately 9.6 million people of Sub-Saharan African or Afro-Caribbean descent, comprising around 2% of the total population, with over 50% located in France. The countries with the largest Black European population in the EU are:

The remaining (excluding Spain that is not listed above) 14 states of the European Union have fewer than 100,000 individuals of Sub-Saharan African descent all together. As countries such as Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Romania and Greece have received little to no immigration from Sub-Saharan Africa or interaction that would have caused the formation of black or mixed race communities, Black populations, inclusive of descendants, mixed race people, and temporary students, number fewer than 10,000 in each of these states.

Other European countries

Switzerland and Norway have 114,000 and 115,000 people of Sub-Saharan African descent, respectively; primarily composed of refugees and their descendants, but this is only the numbers for first generation migrants and second generation migrants with two parents from a different country. There are no official numbers in Norway regarding Afro-Norwegians, as Norway does not have census regarding race or ethnicity. However, Norway collects data on migrants up to the second generation, which can be used to accurately estimate the effective Black population.

According to state-owned Anadolu Agency, government data suggests that there are 1.5 million Africans living all across Turkey as of 2017, with 25% of them in Istanbul. Other studies state the majority of Africans in Turkey lives in Istanbul and report Tarlabaşı, Dolapdere, Kumkapı, Yenikapı and Kurtuluş as having a strong African presence. Estimates of the number of Africans living in Istanbul varies between 50,000 and 200,000. Ankara also has a sizeable Somali community. In addition to this African migrant population, there are 20,000 Afro-Turks.

More than 1,000,000 sub-Saharan Africans had settled in Europe between 2010 and 2017.

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom has approximately 2.5 million black people, inclusive of mixed race, according to the 2011 Census. Black people from the EU who have settled in the UK are also included such as the Black Anglo-Deutsch. Liverpool's Black community (Black Liverpudlians) is Britain's oldest Black community dating back to the 1700s. This dates back to Black Loyalists who settled in Liverpool after the American Revolutionary War, and the community expanded with immigration of Afro-Caribbean people and later Black African people.

List of subgroups

Racism and social status

Discrimination and stigmatisation of Black Europeans based on physical characteristics or visibility, regardless of nationality or immigration status, is a common experience.

Discrimination in the workplace is widespread, and barriers are constructed at every stage to prevent black individuals from obtaining jobs that match their talents and expertise. Black individuals are also more vulnerable to police violence, racial profiling, and racist violence and abuse from other members of the community. Racism against black students in schools includes racist bullying as well as biased instructional materials and practices. This has important ramifications for Black people's educational attainment and life opportunities. Other forms of discrimination include the withholding of health care to Black Europeans and prejudice displayed by health care workers; considerable discrimination in the private renting market; and stereotypical representations in the media.

There is currently no EU or national policy aimed specifically at combating racism and prejudice against Black Europeans. Despite EU and state legislation offering legal remedies for discrimination, anti-Black racism in the EU persists.

In 2020, President von der Leyen launched a new EU anti-racism Action Plan, outlining a number of initiatives for 2020-2025. The Commission will ensure that Member States fully implement relevant EU law and, where necessary, strengthen the legal framework. This could happen, particularly in areas not yet covered by anti-discrimination legislation, such as law enforcement. The Action Plan brings together players at all levels to better effectively combat racism in Europe, including the implementation of national anti-racism policies. EU member states were called upon to adopt national action plans against racism (NAPARs) by the end of 2022. As of March 2023, in Germany, Spain and Sweden, a comprehensive publicly-available National Action Plan Against Racism (NAPAR) has been adopted by the government and parliament.

See also

  • African diaspora
  • African admixture in Europe
  • African immigration to Europe
  • Black people in ancient Roman history

Notes

References

Sources

  • Claudy Siar délégué interministériel à l'égalité des chances, Baptême médiatique difficile pour le nouveau délégué interministériel, François-Xavier Guillerm (agence de presse GHM), 1er avril 2011. » [archive], sur Blog France-Antille de François-Xavier Guillerm [archive]

External links

  • Media related to People of Black African descent in Europe at Wikimedia Commons

Text submitted to CC-BY-SA license. Source: Black Europeans by Wikipedia (Historical)



 

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