Ree Park Safari is a safari park in Djursland on the peninsula of Jutland, Denmark. The safari park is the home of more than 800 animals of 80 species from 5 different continents. This popular tourist attraction offers its guests a comprehensive insight in the life and behaviour of animals from Europe, Africa, North America, South America and Asia.

History

The zoo was founded in 1991 by Frans Kilde Hansen and was named Ebeltoft Dyrepark. Ebeltoft Dyrepark was sold 1993 to Lars Thye and the name was changed to Ebeltoft Zoo. Merete and Henrik Elsass bought the zoo 1998 and changed the name to Ebeltoft Zoo & Safari. In 2006 the zoo was bought by Karsten Ree, and the zoo got its present name.

In 2007 Ree Park became member of DAZA and EAZA.

Description

Welfare of wild animals in captivity is a key value in the vision of the park. This is why all the different species of the park live in surroundings tailored to meet their special needs and instinctive behaviour. The American black bears, for example, have access to both tall trees and lakes in order to facilitate their natural climbing and swimming behaviour. Similarly, the cheetahs live in a hilly bush savannah where these fast predators can spot e.g. antelopes in a different area of the park. This architectural feature of the park evokes instinctive hunting behaviour in the cheetahs even though the animals do not have access to their prey. In their natural African habitat, cheetahs often observe the savannah from hills and rocks enabling them to find their prey from a long distance.

Focus on endangered species

Apart from offering its guests exciting wildlife experiences during the opening season, a major priority of Ree Park – Ebeltoft Safari is an extensive focus on endangered species. And as a member of EAZA (European Association os Zoos and Aquaria), the park has made important achievements within the EEP (European Endangered Species Programme). In 2007, 9 cheetahs were born in the park. This important contribution to species conservation made Ree Park – Ebeltoft Safari one of the largest centres for cheetahs in Northern Europe. Other examples of successful EEP work include the reintroduction of the endangered European bison into the wild, the breeding of the very rare sand cat, and promising work with the endangered African wild dog, one of the world's most endangered carnivores.

Notes

External links

• Media related to Ree Park – Ebeltoft Safari at Wikimedia Commons
• Official website

A safari park, sometimes known as a wildlife park, is a zoo-like commercial drive-in tourist attraction where visitors can drive their own vehicles or ride in vehicles provided by the facility to observe freely roaming animals.

A safari park is larger than a zoo and smaller than a game reserve. For example, African Lion Safari in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada is 750 acres (3.0 km²). For comparison, Lake Nakuru in the Great Rift Valley, Kenya, is 168 square kilometres (65 sq mi), and a typical large game reserve is Tsavo East, also in Kenya, which encompasses 11,747 square kilometres (4,536 sq mi).

Many parks have conservation programmes with endangered animals like: elephants, white rhinos, giraffes, lions, tigers, cheetahs and wild dogs.

General overview of a safari park

The main attractions are frequently large animals from Africa which people can see in wildlife reserves such as: giraffes, lions (including white lions), white rhinos, African bush elephants, hippopotamuses, zebras, ostriches, lesser and greater flamingos, ground hornbills, guineafowl, African buffaloes, sometimes dromedary camels, great white and pink-backed pelicans, African sacred ibises, Ankole cattle, cheetahs, leopards, hyenas, chimpanzees, baboons, African wild dogs, Barbary sheep, crowned cranes, Egyptian geese, saddle-billed, yellow-billed and marabou storks, Nile crocodiles (in a side paddock), Nubian ibexes, and many antelope species including- wildebeest, hartebeest, topi, gazelles, elands, lechwe, addaxes, oryxes, bongos, kudus, nyalas, impalas, springbok, blesbok, sitatunga, duikers, waterbucks, sable antelopes, and roan antelopes, just to name a few.

Also in the reserves there are animals that are not from Africa: Asian species include: Asian elephants, Indian and Sumatran rhinoceroses, gaur, water buffaloes, nilgais, blackbucks, banteng, markhor, Malayan tapirs, wild asses, sambar deer, Indian hog deer, yaks, gibbons, tigers (including white tigers), Asian black bears, Eld's deer, babirusas, chital, dholes, barasinghas, painted storks, peafowl, and Bactrian camels; North American species include: American black bears, brown bears, wolves (including Arctic wolves), American bison, elk, and white-tailed deer; South American species include: llamas, alpacas, jaguars, capybaras, anteaters, South American tapirs, rheas, and black-necked swans; Australian species include kangaroos, wallabies, emus, and black swans; European species include: European bisons, Eurasian wolves, mute swans, fallow deer, red deer, and moose.

Most safari parks have a "walk-around" area with animals too small or too dangerous to roam freely in the reserves, like: small birds, squirrel monkeys, penguins, marmosets, tamarins, mongooses, meerkats, lemurs, gorillas, reptiles, hornbills, red pandas, snow leopards, otters and warthogs. Some also have: children's zoos, aquariums, butterfly houses and reptile and insect houses. Besides animals, in the walk-round area, there are public facilities like toilets, snack bars and cafés, play areas and sometimes amusement rides. There can be walk-through exhibits with animals like kangaroos, lemurs and wallabies. The Knowsley Safari in England keeps Siberian tigers and giraffes in their walking area.

Safari parks often have other associated tourist attractions: golf courses, carnival rides, cafés/restaurants, ridable miniature railways, boat trips to see aquatic animals like sea lions, life-sized recreations of dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals, plant mazes, playgrounds, monorails, cable cars and gift shops. These are commonly found in the walk-around area. On river safari areas, there may be islands with primates; Longleat keeps gorillas and black-and-white colobus on their islands, which are used to house chimpanzees and siamangs; African Lion Safari in Canada has black-and-white ruffed lemurs, ring-tailed lemurs, lar gibbons, siamangs, Colombian spider monkeys, Geoffroy's spider monkeys, pink-backed pelicans and black swans in the waters.

History and list of parks

The predecessor of safari parks is Africa U.S.A. Park (1953–1961) in Florida.

The first lion drive-through opened in 1963 in Tama Zoological Park in Tokyo. In double-glazed buses, visitors made a tour through a one-hectare enclosure with twelve African lions.

The first drive-through safari park outside of Africa opened in 1966 at Longleat in Wiltshire, England. Longleat, Windsor, Woburn and arguably the whole concept of safari parks were the brainchild of Jimmy Chipperfield (1912–1990), former co-director of Chipperfield's Circus, although a similar concept is explored as a plot device in Angus Wilson's "The Old Men at the Zoo" which was published five years before Chipperfield set up Longleat. Longleat's Marquess of Bath agreed to Chipperfield's proposition to fence off 40 hectares (100 acres) of his vast Wiltshire estate to house 50 lions. Knowsley, the Earl of Derby's estate outside Liverpool, and the Duke of Bedford's Woburn estate in Bedfordshire both established their own safari parks with Chipperfield's partnership. Another circus family, the Smart Brothers, joined the safari park business by opening a park at Windsor for visitors from London. The former Windsor Safari Park was in Berkshire, England, but closed in 1992 and has since been made into a Legoland theme park. There is also Chipperfield's "Scotland Safari Park" established on Baronet Sir John Muir's estate at Blair Drummond near Stirling, and the American-run "West Midland Safari and Leisure Park" near Birmingham. One park, along with Jimmy Chipperfield at Lambton Castle in North East England, has closed.

Between 1967 and 1974, Lion Country Safari, Inc. opened 6 animal parks, one near each of the following American cities: West Palm Beach, Florida; Los Angeles, California; Grand Prairie, Texas; Atlanta, Georgia; Cincinnati, Ohio, and Richmond, Virginia. The first park, in South Florida, is the only Lion Country Safari still in operation.

Royal Burgers' Zoo at Arnhem, opened a "safari park" in 1968 within a traditional zoo. In 1995, Burgers' Safari modified this to a walking safari with a 250-metre (820 ft) boardwalk. Another safari park in the Netherlands is Safaripark Beekse Bergen.

Most safari parks were established in a short period of ten years, between 1966 and 1975.

• Africa
  • Egypt: Alexandria (Africa Safari Park, 2004)
• Americas
  • Brazil: São Paulo (Zoo Safári, 2001 - this park was formerly known as Simba Safari from 1972 to 2001)
  • Canada:
    • Ontario: Hamilton (African Lion Safari, 1969)
    • Quebec: Hemmingford (Parc Safari, 1972), Montebello (Parc Omega, 1985)
  • Chile: Rancagua (Safari Park Rancagua, 2009)
  • Guatemala: Escuintla (Auto Safari Chapin, 1980)
  • Mexico:
    • Amacuzac (Zoofari, 1984)
    • Puebla (Africam Safari, 1972)
  • Puerto Rico: Vega Alta (Safari Park, 1970). The name of the park was simply "Safari Park".
  • United States:
    • Arizona: Camp Verde (Out of Africa Wildlife Park, 1988)
    • Arkansas: Gentry (Wild Wilderness Drive-Through Safari, 1970)
    • California: Escondido (San Diego Zoo Safari Park, formerly San Diego Wild Animal Park, 1972)
    • Florida: Loxahatchee (Lion Country Safari, 1967)
    • Georgia: Pine Mountain (Wild Animal Safari, 1991)
    • Louisiana: Epps (High Delta Safari Park)
    • Maryland: Largo (The Largo Wildlife Preserve, 1973–1978, now the site of Six Flags America)
    • Nebraska: Ashland (Lee G. Simmons Conservation Park and Wildlife Safari)
    • New Jersey: Jackson Township (Great Adventure, 1974, now the site of Six Flags Great Adventure & Wild Safari), West Milford ("Warner Brothers Jungle Habitat", 1972–1976)
    • Ohio: Port Clinton (African Safari Wildlife Park, 1973), Mason (Lion Country Safari at Kings Island, 1974–1993)
    • Oregon: Winston (Wildlife Safari, 1973)
    • Texas: Grand Prairie (Lion Country Safari, 1971–1992), San Antonio (Natural Bridge Wildlife Ranch, 1984), Glen Rose (Fossil Rim Wildlife Ranch, 1984), (Texas Safari Park, 2023)
    • Virginia: Doswell (Lion Country Safari at Kings Dominion, 1974–1993), Natural Bridge (Virginia Safari Park, 2000)
• Asia
  • Bangladesh: Gazipur (Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Safari Park, 2013), Cox's Bazar (Dulahazara Safari Park, 1999)
  • China: Shenzhen (Safari Park, 1993), Shanghai (Wild Animal Park, 1995), Qinhuangdao (Qinhuangdao Wildlife Park, 1995), Guangzhou (Xiangjiang Safari Park, 1997), Jinan (Safari Park, 1999), Badaling (Safari World, 2001)
  • India: Etawah (Etawah Safari Park, formerly Lion Safari Etawah, 2018), Rajgir (Rajgir Zoo Safari, 2022)
  • Indonesia: Taman Safari, with three locations in Bogor, Mount Arjuno and Bali (in Bali includes Marine Park)
  • Israel: Ramat Gan (Ramat Gan Safari, 1974)
  • Japan: Miyazaki (Phoenix Zoo, 1975), Usa (Kyushu Natural Animal Park African Safari, 1976), Mine (Akiyoshidai Safari Land, 1977), Tomioka (Gunma Safari Park, 1979), Susono (Fuji Safari Park, 1980), Himeji (Central Park, 1984)
  • Malaysia: Alor Gajah (A'Famosa Resort, 2001), Gambang (Bukit Gambang Safari Park)
  • Pakistan: Lahore (Lahore Zoo Safari, 2009, formerly Lahore Wildlife Park, 1982)
  • Philippines: Busuanga (Calauit Safari Park, 1975), Morong (Zoobic Safari, 2003), Carmen (Cebu Safari and Adventure Park, 2018)
  • Singapore: (Night Safari, 1994)
  • Taiwan: Guanxi (Leofoo Village Theme Park)
  • Thailand: Bangkok (Safari World, 1988)
  • United Arab Emirates: Dubai (Dubai Safari Park, 12 December 2017)
  • Vietnam: Phú Quốc (Vinpearl Safari, 2015)
• Europe
  • Austria: Gänserndorf (Safaripark, 1972–2004)
  • Belgium: Aywaille (Le Monde Sauvage, 1975)
  • Denmark: Givskud (Løveparken, 1969), Knuthenborg (Knuthenborg Safari Park, 1969), Ebeltoft (Ree Park – Ebeltoft Safari, 1991)
  • France: Thoiry (Réserve Africaine, 1968), Peaugres (Safari de Peaugres, 1974), Sigean (Réserve africaine de Sigean, 1974), Saint-Vrain (Parc du Safari de Saint-Vrain, 1974–1999), Obterre (Haute Touche Zoological Park, 1980) owned by the National Museum of Natural History, Port-Saint-Père (Planète Sauvage, 1992)
  • Germany: Gelsenkirchen (ZOOM Erlebniswelt Gelsenkirchen, 1949), Tüddern (Löwen-Safari, 1968–1990), Stuckenbrock (Safariland Stukenbrock, 1969), Hodenhagen (Serengeti Park, 1974)
  • Great Britain: Longleat (1966), Windsor (1969–1992), Woburn (1970), Knowsley (1971), Lambton (Lion Park, 1972–1980), Bewdley (West Midlands Safari Park, 1973), Blair Drummond (1970), Highland Wildlife Park (1972)
  • Italy: Bussolengo (Parco Natura Viva, 1969), Fasano (Zoosafari Fasanolandia, 1973), Pombia (Pombia Safari Park, 1976), Murazzano (Parco Safari delle Langhe, 1976), Ravenna (Safari Ravenna, 2012)
  • Netherlands: Hilvarenbeek (Safaripark Beekse Bergen, 1968)
  • Portugal: Santiago do Cacém (Badoca Safari Park)
  • Russia: Zadonsky District (Кудыкина гора)
  • Spain: Penagos (Cabarceno Natural Park, 1990)
  • Sweden: Kolmården (Safari Park, 1972–2011), Smålandet (Markaryds Älg & Bison Safari)
• Oceania
  • Australia
    • New South Wales: Warragamba (African Lion Safari, 1968–1991)
    • South Australia: Monarto (Monarto Safari Park, 1983)
    • Western Australia: Wanneroo (Wanneroo Lion Park, 1971–1988)

See also

• SimSafari: a computer game simulating the management of a safari park
• Effects of the car on societies

References

References

• Copperfield, Jimmy (1975). My Wild Life. Macmillan. London. 219 p. ISBN 0-333-18044-5.

External links

• Media related to Safari parks at Wikimedia Commons

Limitations of animal running speed provides an overview of how various factors determine the maximum running speed. Some terrestrial animals are built for achieving extremely high speeds, such as the cheetah, pronghorn, race horse and greyhound, while humans can train to achieve high sprint speeds. There is no single determinant of maximum running speed: however, certain factors stand out against others and have been investigated in both animals and humans. These factors include: Muscle moment arms, foot morphology, muscle architecture, and muscle fiber type. Each factor contributes to the ground reaction force (GRF) and foot contact time of which the changes to increase maximal speed are not well understood across all species.

Ground reaction force and foot contact time

• GRF is a common variant which is studied in running gait. It has been shown in humans that as velocity increases, there is a linear increase in the vertical GRF. The GRF during running exceeds the body weight and therefore the extra force must be applied by the body. In a study by Weyand et al., it was shown that faster human runners achieved higher speeds by applying greater vertical GRF and not by increasing swing time. This may not be the case in cheetahs.
• Foot contact time, or stance time, is the time that the foot is in contact with the ground. There is evidence that shows that foot contact time is significantly decreased in humans as speed is increased.
• It has been shown that the fastest speeds are attained when the product of the foot contact time and vertical GRF are decreased to minimums which provides enough time for the swinging limb to get in position for the next step. Both the GRF and foot contact time are determined by variables such as muscle moment arm, foot morphology, muscle fascicle length, and muscle fiber type.

Muscle moment arm

A muscle's moment arm is defined as the perpendicular distance from the muscle's line of action to the joint's center of rotation. As a general rule, the larger the moment arm of a muscle, the greater torque it can produce with the same amount of force. At the same time, the muscle would cause a smaller change in joint angle for the same amount of length change. As an example, holding a wrench at the very end of the handle (point B) makes it easier to loosen a bolt, however, requires your hand to travel a greater distance compared to holding the wrench closer to the bolt (point A). Although both the cheetah and greyhound are similar in size, the cheetah can attain speeds nearly twice as fast as the greyhound. This can be explained partly by the finding that moment arms of muscles at the knee and ankle joint in the cheetah are proportionally larger than those of the greyhound. A similar comparison can be made between two similar species of lizards. It was found that geckoes more adapted for climbing have greater hip and shoulder retractor moment arms. Geckoes adapted for horizontal locomotion have greater knee and ankle extensor moment arms.

Foot morphology

Foot morphology in this context mainly refers to the ratio of forefoot (in front of the ankle joint) to the hindfoot (behind the ankle joint). This ratio is an indication of the effective mechanical advantage (EMA) and can also be represented by a balancing seesaw. A study done on humans, comparing ankle-foot structure using MRI, showed that sprinters had a longer forefoot:hindfoot ratio compared to non-sprinters. This allows the foot to remain in contact with the ground for a longer amount of time while decreasing the moment arm. This decreases the rate of muscle shortening and increases the force generated by extensor muscles during the push off phase. These larger gear ratios during the push off phase have been shown to occur in accelerating humans as well as top animal sprinters. Larger moment arms of the cheetah may be achieved if the forefoot is also proportionally larger.

Muscle architecture and fiber type

Both the architecture and type of muscle play a crucial role in determining foot contact time and production of GRF. In humans, it has been shown that sprinters have longer muscle fascicle lengths and smaller pennation angles than non-sprinters. This contributes by increasing the muscle's shortening velocity. Other studies have shown that particular muscle fiber types are favored in sprinters versus non-sprinters, as well as within different levels of sprinters. Faster individuals tend to have a greater percentage of Type II (fast-twitch) muscle fibers. Higher percentage of fast-twitch muscle fibers lead to increased force production capability, as well as increased speed of contractions leading to shorter contact times.

Other

Other factors also play a role:

• Muscle Strength
  • Larger muscles are able to generate higher amounts of force and are therefore able to produce larger GRF's
• Elastic Energy Storage
  • Cheetahs use flexion and extension of the spine to contribute significantly to speed by increasing foot contact time and swing time

See also

• Footspeed
• Sprint (running)

References

External links

• Department of Kinesiology - Biomechanics Lab [1]
• Research for this Wikipedia entry was conducted as a part of a Locomotion Neuromechanics course (APPH 6232) offered in the School of Applied Physiology at Georgia Tech

Randers Fjord is a 30 km (19 mi) long Danish fjord in Northern Europe leading to the sea of Kattegat, between Denmark and Sweden. The fjord is the outlet from Denmark's longest river, Gudenå. The upper 13 km (8.1 mi), starting at the town Randers, looks more like a broad river than a fjord. The lower 17 km (11 mi) have extensive reed plains bordering the shores To some extent this inhibits the recreational use of and access to the fjord. In some places, the reed beds are harvested for traditional roof thatching. The shallow eastern part of the fjord is known as Grund Fjord, being an extension of Alling Å.

Two small ferries cross Randers Fjord regularly. One is located halfway between Randers and the sea, at the small village of Voer, with a capacity of 3 - 4 cars, crossing the fjord to Mellerup. The other ferry at Udbyhøj is close to Randers Fjords outlet to the sea. This is a cable ferry with a capacity of 12 cars. At the town of Randers, the first bridge crosses the fjord, at the point where it becomes the river Gudenåen. The fjord is navigable for coasters up to Randers.

Randers Fjord is one of eight lowland fjords on the eastern side of the 250 km long Danish main peninsula, Jutland. Jutland protrudes north from Germany in central Europe. The neighboring fjords to Randers Fjord are, Mariager Fjord, 15 km to the north, and, Horsens Fjord, 50 km to the south.

Angling

Anglers from Denmark, as well as from other countries, such as Germany and the Netherlands, travel to Voer in Randers Fjord to catch herring in the season. The season starts in spring and continues throughout summer and autumn. At Voer there is a reed free stretch of bulwark in connection with a shipping channel close to the shore, where the water gets deep fast making it suitable for angling. This relatively deep and narrow stretch also tends to concentrates shoals of herring. Access by car is easy, with space for parking along a dam and unpaved road following the shore a couple of kilometers down from Voer.

For anglers the small marinas a couple of km up from Voer in, Uggelhuse, are also interesting, as fresh water fish, not least, perch, can gather in the marinas to avoid salt water intrusion from the sea in combination with incoming tides. Usually the tidal difference in Randers Fjord is less than 30 cm – one foot.

At Voer lies the Coast and Fjord Centre, (Kyst- og Fjordcentret, in Danish) a nature centre with exhibitions, conference- and accommodation-facilities aimed at informing and teaching about nature and outdoor activities related to Randers Fjord, including the fjords history. At the visiting centre it is also possible to rent boats and to participate in waders-based sessions in the fjord, aimed at various kinds of groups, such as school-classes.

Coastal tourism

Randers Fjord constitutes the north-west border of the circa 40 km x 40 km peninsula Djursland, a region in Denmark where coastal tourism is a factor. Djursland has 22 sandy beaches located on the three-sided 260 km coastline with in the order of 7.000 adjoining summer-, and out of season-, rentals, primarily situated close to the coast and beaches. All coastlines in Denmark are accessible to the public by law. Djursland has an average population density of 42 inhabitants per square km, as compared to 407 for England and 230 for Germany. Randers at the end of Randers fjord is Denmarks 6. largest town with 60.895 inhabitants. Denmark has a total population of 5.6 million people. The language is Danish, with many inhabitants having a working knowledge of English and also to some extent German - the two main languages taught in schools.

The Innermost part of the Fjord from Voer is part of a Natura 2000-protected area nr. 14 Ålborg Bugt, Randers Fjord og Mariager Fjord and is both a Ramsarhabitat and a bird protection area.

Historic Defence Works

During the Napoleonic Wars, when Denmark and Britain were on opposite sides, Denmark established 214 coastal defence works at strategic points. One of these was at Udbyhøj at the mouth of Randers Fjord, where a total of ten cannon were sited in two gun emplacements north and south of the fjord entrance. Four gunboats and a unit of cavalry completed the defences.

Attractions related to Randers Fjord

• Coast and Fjord Centre - a nature centre with exhibitions, conference and accommodation facilities aimed at informing and teaching about nature and outdoor activities related to Randers Fjord, including the fjord's history.
• Randers Tropical Zoo – Rain forest zoo by the river Gudenå in transparent domes representing different continents
• Kattegatcentret – Aquarium by the Sea in Grenaa with large sharks and a focus on showing Nordic salt water fish species. Plus seals
• Walks – Such as along the varied and accessible coastlines of Djursland
• Fishing and diving, not least from the eastern coast of Djursland
• Fjord og Kystcentret – visiting centre related to Randers Fjord in Voer – focus on activities with regards to fish, fishing and shore biology, exhibits, boat rentals, and guided tours. Mini car ferry across the Fjord connecting country roads.
• Herring fishing at Voer in Randers Fjord – seasonal
• Kalø Castle - ruined castle on a peninsula with bights, inlets on southern Djursland
• Mushroom picking in the forests and non-farmed areas from August, through autumn until first frost
• Grenaa beach - Grenaa Strand - 5 km sandy beach by Grenaa. Nominated as one of the 2 best beaches in Denmark in 2006
• Mols Bjerge National Park – Hilly ice age like steppe landscape – walks, sightseeing drives, and horseback riding, on southern Djursland
• Djurslands medieval country churches. Thorsager Church is the only round church in Jutland. Udby church by Randers Fjord is a picturesque navigation mark for incoming ships.
• Dansk Motor- og Maskinsamling The Machine Collection by Grenaa on the east coast with the largest collection of stationary engines in Northern Europe going back to 1860. Restored and functioning
• Kalø Vintage Car Rally – Every Tuesday afternoon and evening except in winter, close to Kalø Castle Ruin, southern Djursland
• Djurs Sommerland The largest attraction on Djursland with regards to number of visitors.
• The Agricultural Museum (Landbrugsmuseet) - Farmlife through the times. Extensive historical vegetable gardens and fruit orchards at Gl. Estrup Castle, by the town, Auning
• The Manor Museum (Herregårdsmuseet) at Gl. Estrup Castle, by the town, Auning
• Katholm Castle, south of Grenaa
• Rosenholm Castle by Hornslet, plus other castles and manor houses on Djursland
• Golf - Lübker Golf Resort by Nimtofte, Grenaa-, Ebeltoft- Uggelbølle and other golf-resorts and golf-curses
• Munkholm Zoo – Zoo for families with small children. Often friendly animals and no long walks
• Ree Park – Ebeltoft Safari – includes savanna-like landscapes and large animals.
• Skandinavisk Dyrepark – Zoo -Park with extensive Nordic wildlife park including brown- and polar bears
• Glasmuseet, Ebeltoft. Contemporary international glass art and craftsmanship. Also a lot of local glass-craft in the area
• Fregatten Jylland, Ebeltoft – One of the world's largest wooden warships, restoration for 15 million euros completed in 1998.

See also

• Djursland
• Mols
• Mols Bjerge National Park
• Grenaa
• Ebeltoft
• Glatved Beach
• Danish steam frigate Jylland
• Katholm Castle
• Kalø Castle
• Grenaa Beach
• Bønnerup Strand
• Cliffs of Sangstrup
• Lake Stubbe
• Nakskov Fjord

References

External links

Alan Keef Ltd is a British narrow gauge railway engineering company which manufactures, overhauls, and deals in narrow gauge locomotives, rolling stock and associated equipment.

History

The limited company was formed in 1975 at Cote, Bampton, Oxfordshire, continuing what Alan Keef had already been doing for some years as an individual. The first new locomotive was built in 1976.

In 1986 the company moved to larger premises at Lea, near Ross-on-Wye in Herefordshire. In 1987 it took over the production of Motor Rail locomotives.

Production

As of 2008, the company had built more than eighty locomotives – steam, diesel and electric. Most have been miniature or narrow gauge except for two standard gauge steam locomotives for Beamish Museum: the replicas of "Steam Elephant" and "Puffing Billy". In 2008 the company built the frames, running gear and mechanical parts for two Parry People Mover railcars for use on the Stourbridge Town branch (139001 and 139002). A number of Alan Keef's locomotives are replicas of steam locomotives but with diesel power. These are referred to as steam outline (s/o) in the listing below.

In addition to the replicas for Beamish, the company has also helped restore a number of historically significant engines including both UK preserved Baldwin Class 10-12-D locomotives – No. 778 – which now works at Leighton Buzzard Light Railway and more recently No 794 (referred to as No 590) from the Welsh Highland Heritage Railway. However, this project was eventually paused and the WHHR moved the locomotive to the Vale of Rheidol's Aberystwyth workshops for completion in 2020.

During the annual Open Day in September at the company's premises, the company welcomes the public to see and ride examples of rail equipment brought by visiting exhibitors, and its own in-house rail equipment, on the facility's tracks, which accommodate rolling stock of 3 feet 6 inches (1067 millimetres), 3 feet 0 inches (914 millimetres), 2 feet 6 inches (762 millimetres), 2 feet 0 inches (610 millimetres) and 10+1⁄4 inches (260 millimetres) gauges.

New and rebuilt locomotives

See also

• British narrow gauge railways
• Lea Bailey Light Railway

References

• "Alan Keef Ltd - Locomotives Built at Cote". Industrial Railway Record (113). Industrial Railway Society. June 1988.
• Keef, Alan M. (2008). A Tale of Many Railways: An Autobiography and History of Alan Keef Ltd. Lydney: Lightmoor Press. ISBN 978-1-899889-30-3.
• Keef, Alan M. (2022). Half a Century of Locomotives from Alan Keef Ltd. Lydney: Lightmoor Press. ISBN 978-1-915069-09-2.

External links

• Official website