A cikin lissafi, digiri hanya ce ta gama gari don auna kan kusurwa ko kwana . An rubuta shi da alamar ${\displaystyle ^{\circ }}$, ku ${\displaystyle 360^{\circ }}$ yayi daidai da dukan da'irar.

Ba naúrar SI ba ce. SI yana amfani da radian don auna kusurwar jirgin sama . Koyaya, bisa ga kasidar SI, raka'a ce ta SI.

Tarihi

Ba a san ainihin dalilin zabar digiri a matsayin hanyar auna kusurwar jirgin sama ba. Wata ka’ida ta ce tana da alaƙa da cewa shekara tana kusan kwanaki 360. Wasu tsoffin kalanda s, misali kalandar Farisa da kalandar Babila sun yi amfani da kwanaki 360 na shekara guda.

Wata ka'idar ta ce Babila sun raba da'irar ta amfani da kusurwar alwatika mai ma'ana . Daga nan aka raba kusurwa zuwa sassa 60. Wannan saboda sun yi amfani da tsarin lamba -60 na sexagesimal ko tushe-60.

Shafukan da ke da alaƙa

• Digiri na polynomial

Manazarta

Mutanen Songhaiborai ko Sangwayawa ƙabila ce a cikin arewa maso yammacin kusurwar Tillaberi ta Nijar, yankin da tarihi ya san ƙasar da suna Songhai . Ƙananan rukuni ne na ƙungiyar Songhai mafi fa'ida. Dukda cewa Songhay suna da alaƙa sosai da mutanen Zarma ta yadda wasu Songhai zasu iya magana kansu da yarensu kamar "Zarma", dukansu suna ganin kansu a matsayin mutane biyu daban.

Songhai sune zuriya da ɓangaranci na daular Sonni waɗanda suka koma wannan yankin na Niger a yanzu bayan juyin mulkin shekarar 1493 da na Daular Askia wanda shima daga baya ya koma wannan yankin bayan mamayewar daular Songhai ta Daular Saadi ta Morocco .

Tarihi

Dangane da tarihin baka, an san mashahuran Songhai da suna "Songhai" a lokacin mulkin Sonni Ali Ber, sunan ya samo asali ne daga sunansa ya kuma zama sunan ƙabila. Don haka, ba kamar sauran mutanen Songhai da ke amfani da sunaye daban-daban kamar su Zarma, Gaawo da Kurtey ba, wannan rukunin suna kawai da sunan "Songhai" saboda su zuriyar masu mulki ne na daular Songhai wanda masarautar ta samo sunanta daga ita. . Su ne zuriyar dukkanin sarakunan daular Songhai (watau daular Sonni da suka koma wannan yankin na Niger ta yanzu bayan juyin mulkin shekarar 1493 da Askia Mohammad I da kuma daular Askia wadanda kuma suka koma daga baya zuwa wannan yankin bayan shan kashi a yakin Tondibi )

Don haka, Songhai suna can ta hanyar rarraba zuwa rukuni biyu; zuriyar daular Sonni waɗanda aka fi sani da "Si" da zuriyar gidan masarautar Askia da ake kira "Mamar" ("Mamar" kasancewar sunan da ake kira Askia Mohammad a yare a yare) . Suna magance kansu ta hanyar ƙara kalmar "Hamey" ( raira waƙa."Hama") wanda ke nufin zuriya (s) a ƙarshen sunayen ƙungiyoyinsu; "Si Hamey " da " Mamar Hamey " ko " Si Kassey Hamey ". Hakanan ya cancanci a lura da duka rukunin biyu suna amfani da sunan mahaɗa "Maiga" (ma'ana, Sarki ko Yarima).

Tarihi

Sonni / Si Hamey

Si Hamey sun kasance zuriya da membobin wanda ya kafa kuma sarki na farko na Daular Songhai, Sonni Ali Ber .

Bayan mai mulki kuma wanda ya kafa daular Songhai Sonni Ali ya mutu a 1492, tsohon janar din soja kuma ɗan ɗan uwansa Askia Mohammad ya yi tawaye ga ɗansa kuma magajinsa, Sonni Baru kuma suka kayar da shi a yakin a Shekarar 1493 . Sonni Baru ya tsere zuwa Ayorou kuma ya kafa ƙaramar jiharsa wacce aka sake kayar da ita a cikin 1500 bayan kai hare-hare akai-akai kuma an saka ta cikin daular Songhai.

Mãmar Hamey / Si Kassey Hamey

Mamar Hamey waɗanda kuma ake kiransu Si Kassey Hamey sune zuriyar 'ya'yan Si ko Sonni Ali Ber ƙanwar " Kassey (Bilkis) " da' ya'yanta maza waɗanda suka haɗa da Askia Mohammad I (Mamar) da 'yan uwansa.

Bayan shan kashi a yakin Tondibi a 1591, dan Askia Dawud, Askia Muhammed Gao (wanda aka fi sani da Wayki ) ya hambarar da dan uwansa Askia Ishaq II kuma a takaice ya jagoranci rundunar sojojin adawa. Da goyan bayan ragowar sojojin da aka wargaza, suka yi hijira zuwa rafin kogi daga Gao (A halin yanzu-Nijar, yankin da aka sani da Songhay ) inda zuriyar Sonni Ali Ber suka riga suka nemi mafaka daidai a yankin Anzourou (ma'ana "kun gudu" a arewacin Tillabéri a Nijar . 'Yan Si (zuriyar Sonni Ali Ber) na Anzourou sun kusan haɗaka tare da coan uwansu Zarma (Zarma sune zuriyar tsohuwar daular Za waɗanda suka tsere daga Dirma a Macina zuwa wannan yankin na Niger na yanzu wanda yarima Mali Bero ya jagoranta bayan kisan gillar. na ɗan Peul ta ɗaya daga cikin asalinsa. Ainihin, Zarma sune zuriyar gidan daular Songhay na farko wadanda suka yi tawaye kan zuwan musulinci kuma suka yi ƙaura don mamaye sabbin ƙasashe) .

Askia Wayki (Muhammed Gao) ya kafa sansaninsa a gabar kogin Neja a cikin yankin Sikié na yanzu yana fatan ba zai yiwu wata hanya ta sojojin Morokawa ba. Askia Muhammed Gao ya mutu a 1632 ba tare da ya iya sake tattara mutanensa don kwato Gao ba, wanda ya faɗa ƙarƙashin ikon Judar Pasha . Sonansa, Fari Monzon ( Fari Mondyo ) wanda ya kasance Inspektan tattara haraji a lokacin mulkin Askia Ishaq I ya gaje shi kuma a 1661 ya yi ƙoƙari karo na biyu don sake haɗa Songhai ciki har da theiran uwansu ɗan kishiya ( Si Hamey ) don ɗaukar dawo da garin Gao. Tare, sun kasance iya tsiwurwurin da goyon bayan da Zarmas da Abzinawan daga Imanan kuma Azawad.

Fahimtar ƙarfin sojojin Morocco, daga baya suka yanke shawarar yin watsi da gwagwarmayar sake kafa Daular Songhai . Ɗan Fari Monzon, Tabari ya jagoranci Karma, masarauta wacce aka kafa tun wucewar Askia Mohammad I a lokacin aikin hajjinsa zuwa Makka . Sauran brothersan uwansa da ɗan uwan nasa sun ƙirƙiri masarautun Namaro, Gothèye, Dargol, Téra, Sikié, Kokorou da Say .

A tarihi, lokacin da aka ci masarauta, babu wani basarake ko mai martaba da zai yarda ya zauna a yankin da suka ci da yaƙi. Ko dai a halaka su ko kuma su gudu. Wannan ya wofintar da Gao da Timbuktu na 'ya'yan sarakunan Songhai da gimbiya da sauran mashahurai waɗanda suka sami kansu a yau sun watse a cikin yankuna da aka ambata a sama (galibi a kudu maso yammacin Niger )

Wannan shine ƙarshen ƙarshen Daular wanda ya haskaka saboda girmanta da ƙarfin zuciyar shugabanninta duk da yawan rikice-rikice na cikin gida na maye gurbin. Waɗannan masarautun, ba su sami haɗin kansu ba har zuwa Maris 1906, yayin yaƙin mulkin mallaka na Karma - Boubon wanda Oumarou Kambessikonou (Morou Karma) ya jagoranta, ɗan zuriyar Askia Daoud kuma ɗan'uwan Askia Muhammed Gao.

Tattalin arziƙi da al'umma

Mafi yawan mutanen Songhai Manoma ne (Mafi yawanci suna shuka shinkafa da gero), mafarauta, masunta da masu shanu wanda suka bar Fulani su bi.

Manazarta

Roman Katolika Diocese na Djibouti (Latin: Gibuten (sis)) shine diocese ta Latin kawai a cikin ƙasar Jibuti a yankin Afirka.

Tarihi

An kafa shi a ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 1914, a matsayin Ofishin Apostolic na Jibuti, a kan yankin mulkin mallaka na Faransa ta Faransa, ba da izinin rabuwa da babban ican Apostolic Vicariate na Galla (wanda ke zaune a Habasha, wanda kuma ya fito daga yankin Apostolic na Banaadir, don British Somaliland da kuma Italian Somaliland, wanda ya zama Diocese na Roman Katolika na Mogadiscio wanda ya shafi duk Somaliya na zamani)

An inganta shi a ranar 14 ga Satumba, 1955, a matsayin Diocese na Djibouti.

Ba keɓaɓɓu ba ne, watau kai tsaye ga Mai Tsarki See da mishan mishan na Roman Ikilisiyar don Bisharar Jama'a.

Tana da babban cocin bishop na katolika, da Uwargidanmu na Kyakkyawan Makiyayin Katolika, Djibouti (Marian Cathédrale de Notre-Dame du Bon-Pasteur; sadaukar da kai ga Uwargidanmu na Makiyayi Mai Kyau), a cikin babban birnin kasar Djibouti City.

Ƙididdiga

Kamar yadda yake a cikin 2014, ya yi aiki da Katolika 5,000 (0.6% na 850,000 duka) a kan 23,200 km² a cikin majami'u 5 da kuma manufa tare da firistocin diocesan 4 da 29 na addini (ɗan'uwa 1, 'yan'uwa mata 28).

Manazarta

Amany Asfour 'yan kasuwa ce daga ƙasar Masar.

Sana'a

Ta rike taken:

• Shugabar, Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya da Mata masu sana'a
• Shugabar, Ƙungiyar Kasuwancin Mata ta Masar (EBWA)
• Shugaba, Ƙungiyar Mata a Kasuwancin OWIT-Alkahira Chapter
• Shugabar, Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Mata ta Afirka
• Shugabar, Afro-Arab Network for Women Epowerment
• Shugabar mata, FEMCOM Federation of Business Women Associations of Common Market for Eastern & Southern Africa (COMESA).
• Mataimakiyar shugabar mata, ta Majalisar Kasuwanci ta COMESA
• Wacce ta kafa, Hatshepsut Women Business Development Center and Business Incubator for Entrepreneurs
• Shugabar Ma'aikatar, Kimiyya da Fasaha na AU-ECOSOCC
• Shugaba, Majalisar Rukunin Rukunin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci da Mata masu sana'a
• Sakatare Janar, na Ƙungiyar Afirka don Binciken Kimiyya da Fasaha

Ƙuruciya

Asfour ta kammala karatun digiri a Faculty of Medicine a Jami'ar Alkahira kuma tana da digiri na biyu da MD a fannin ilimin yara. Ita malama ce a fannin ilimin yara a Cibiyar Bincike ta Kasa ta Masar. Ta shiga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu tun tana yarinya. A cikin 'yan shekaru, ta kuma iya kafa kamfani don kayan aikin likita, tana sayar da fiye da 30 iri daban-daban.

Sauran abubuwan sha'awa

Bukatar Asfour bai iyakance ga kafa kasuwancinta na sirri ba. Ta fahimci mahimmancin samar da kungiya mai niyya don ƙarfafa tattalin arzikin mata da inganta harkokin kasuwanci. Ta kafa kungiyar ’yan kasuwa ta Masar a shekarar 1995 da manufar inganta matasan mata masu sana’o’i da ba da jagoranci ga mata masu kasuwanci na kanana da matsakaitan masana’antu. Kungiyarta kuma tana tallafawa mata na yau da kullun a kasuwannin duniya. Ta jagoranci yunƙurinta ga ƙarfafa tattalin arziƙi ga mata, haɓaka iya aiki, haɓaka albarkatun ɗan adam, da daidaiton dama ga 'yan mata da mata a fannin ilimi, horarwa, da haɓaka mata da matasa a fannin kimiyya da fasaha.

Gudunmawar duniya baki ɗaya

Asfour tana aiki a Afirka, Larabawa, da Rum. Ta kafa wata ƙungiya don 'yan kasuwa da ƙwararrun mata a Masar sannan ta kafa Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Mata ta Afirka. Wannan na baya-bayan nan ta mayar da hankali ne ga daukacin nahiyar Afirka, inda aka yi niyya don karfafawa mata da inganta hada-hadar tattalin arziki tsakanin mata da matasa masu sana'ar kasuwanci a Afirka. Asfour kuma ta ƙaddamar da Majalisar Bahar Rum don Kasuwanci da Mata masu sana'a a matsayin dandamali don raba abubuwan kwarewa da ayyuka masu kyau a tsakanin mata 'yan kasuwa a yankin Bahar Rum.

Asfour ta samu kyautuka da dama daga kasashen Masar, Afirka, kasashen Larabawa, da kasashen musulmi. Ta kafa haɗin gwiwa da yawa tare da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa da na yanki, ciki har da Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, UNDP, ILO, UNIDO, Tarayyar Afirka, Tarayyar Turai, Kasuwar Gabas da Kudancin Afirka (COMESA), da ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci na Bahar Rum daban-daban. Ta kuma yi nasara wajen aiwatar da manyan ayyuka guda 2 don kafa Cibiyar Ci gaban Kasuwancin Hatshepsut da shirin yanki don tallafawa mata 'yan kasuwa a Masar, Sudan, da Habasha.

Manazarta